Dealing with salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys - Department of Water

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new tree crops. In: National Low Rainfall Tree Improvement Workshop Proceedings, Conference held at Woodhouse Rymill Conference Centre, Adelaide, 3–5 November 1998, RIRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program: 34–39. Bartle, J.R. (1999). The new hydrology: New challenges for landcare and tree crops. In: Proceedings Western Australian Bankwest Landcare Conference, Esperance WA: 52–63. Bartle, J.R. (2001). New perennial crops: mallee eucalypts a model large scale perennial crop for the Wheatbelt. In: Managing Agricultural Resources Vol 3, Outlook 2001, ABARE. Bathgate, A., Blennerhassett, S., & O'Connell, M. (2000). Role of lucerne in the farming system. In: Blacklow, L. and Latta, R. (Eds), Lucerne 2000 Symposium, Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 22-27. George, R., Clarke, C., Hatton, T., Reggiani, P., Herbert, A., Ruprecht, J., Bowman, S. and Keighery, G. (1999). The effect of recharge management on the extent of dryland salinity, flood risk and biodiversity in Western Australia. Preliminary computer modelling, assessment and financial analysis, WA Salinity Council. Hatton T.J. & George, R. (2001). The role of afforestation in managing dryland salinity. In: Plantations, Farm Forestry and Water, Proceedings of a national workshop (Eds. Nambiar & Brown). RIRDC Publication 01/20. Herbert, A. (2000). Economics of Oil Mallees. Marketing, Economics and Rural Adjustment Service, Agriculture Western Australia, Economic Series 99.9. Latta, R.A. & Blacklow, L-J. (2001). Reducing the cost of lucerne establishment in Western Australia. In: Proceedings of the 10th Australian Agronomy Conference, Hobart. Latta, R.A., Blacklow L.J. & Cocks P.S. (2001). Comparative soil water, pasture production, and crop yields in phase farming systems with lucerne and annual pasture in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, 52(2): 295–303. Latta, R.A., Cocks, P.S. & Matthews, C. (2002). Lucerne pastures to sustain agricultural production in southwestern Australia. Agricultural Water Management, 53: 99–109. – 17 – Porter, Bartle and Cooper Marsh, S.P., Pannell, D.J. & Lindner, R.K. (1996). Does extension pay? A case study looking at the adoption of lupins in Western Australia. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, Melbourne, 12–14 Feb. see: http://www.general.uwa.edu.au/u/dpannell/dpap984f.htm McConnell, C. (2000). Predicted land use changes in agricultural areas of WA and resulting impact on the extent of dryland salinity. Resource Management Technical Report No. 201, Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth. Oldham, C. (1991). Animal production from tagasaste growing in deep sand in a 450 mm winter rainfall zone. WA Journal of Agriculture, 32 (1): 24–30. Olive, R., Porter, W., Fedorenko, D., Butterly, C., Beard, R., Davey, B, Diamond, K., Lang, G., McAlpine, S. & Pitman, L. (2001). Perennial pasture R&D priority-setting: farmer/researcher collaboration. Paper presented at the 2001 Crop Updates, Agriculture Western Australia, 21–23 Feb. see: http://agweb:250/F:/AgWeb/htdocs/cropupdates/2001/Far m_systems/Olive.htm Peggs, A. (2000). New Beef Zone – the potential for Beef and Cattle Industry Expansion in the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Agriculture Western Australia, Miscellaneous Publication 20/2000. RIRDC (2001). Integrated Tree Processing of Mallee Eucalypts. A report for the RIRDC/Land & Water Australia/FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program by Enecon Pty Limited. RIRDC Project OIL–3A. RIRDC Publication 01/160. State Salinity Council (2000). Natural Resource Management in Western Australia: The Salinity Strategy, Government of Western Australia, Perth. White, D.A., Dunin, F.X., Turner, N.C., Ward, B.H. & Galbraith, J.H. (2002). Water use by contour planted belts of trees comprised of four Eucalyptus species. Agricultural Water Management, 53: 133–152. Young, J. (2000). Grazing Lucerne for Profit. In: Blacklow, L. and Latta, R. (Eds), Lucerne 2000 Symposium, Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 84-86
CASE STUDY - TOOLIBIN LAKE AND CATCHMENT INTRODUCTION In 1996 a group of scientists and land managers met to discuss “A Vision for a Sustainable Future: A Greenprint for the Wheatbelt”. The key headings used below, including those for guiding principles, were developed at that workshop. This case study was intended as one of several to be included in a book arising from the workshop. The book was never published, and this case study has not been updated since 1998. While we have learnt much since then – including that the period over which we thought engineering intervention would be required was much too optimistic – the ideas and comments arising from the case study are still relevant today. Therefore, the paper has been published here with only minor amendments. Ken Wallace 1 PERTH WESTERN AUSTRALIA Toolibin Lake Wallace THE LAKE AND CATCHMENT Figure 1: Location of Toolibin Lake (figure adapted Toolibin Lake nature reserve contains the most important remaining representative of a once widespread natural community. However, without intense management the Lake will become highly saline within 10 years. The Lake and its catchment lie at the head of the Arthur River which in turn drains into the Blackwood River (Figure 1), a major river of South-western Australia. The catchment is some 49,000 ha in area. Toolibin Lake, with a surface area of about 300 ha, is part of a nature reserve held under management order by the Conservation Commission of Western Australia. Nature reserves are managed by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) on behalf of the Commission. Farming based on cereals, mainly wheat, and sheep production for meat and wool, are the primary land uses in the catchment. There are some 40 familyowned landholdings in the catchment. Nature conservation and associated passive recreation and education are also land uses. Toolibin Lake is a focus for these activities. 1 Department of Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin – 1 – from The Status and Future of Lake Toolibin as a Wildlife Reserve, a report prepared by the Northern Arthur River Wetlands Committee, May 1987, and published by the Water Authority of Western Australia Seasonally flooded, fresh water wetlands with extensive sheoak (Casuarina obesa) and melaleuca (Melaleuca spp) across their floors were once common in agricultural lands east of the Darling Scarp. These wetlands, with their fresh water and excellent breeding habitat, were very important for waterbirds. All have become saline to some degree, and Toolibin is now the only Lake that still has both reasonable water quality and extensive living stands of sheoak and melaleuca. While water quality in Toolibin has declined, during wetter than average winters the Lake is sufficiently fresh to attract a wide range of waterbirds including those that require fresh water for breeding. Those wishing to explore the relationships between salinity and biota should read papers by Halse (1987, 1988, 1993) and Sanders (1991), and the report on salinity in Western
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Foreword Dealing with Salinity in W
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1Day one: Monday 30th July. Field t
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Papers Dealing with Salinity in Whe
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Ali and Coles biggest challenges fa
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Ali and Coles erosion, maintenance
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Ali and Coles expected under these
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Ali and Coles Coles, N.A. & Ali, M.
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Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and
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APPRECIATING AND CREATING OUR HISTO
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services. The Government responded
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WHEATBELT VALLEYS IN DIFFICULTIES T
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argue that they were really abnorma
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1990s, the wheatbelt valleys in par
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REFERENCES Agstats (1997). Agricult
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George and Coleman two to four fold
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George and Coleman surface, the vas
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George and Coleman for example in t
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George and Coleman current trends c
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George and Coleman While not as div
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George and Coleman SPECIES Table 5:
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George and Coleman advantages of so
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George and Coleman this volume). In
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George and Coleman Venture Economy
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George and Coleman Lawrence, C. (19
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Hatton and Ruprecht WATCHING THE RI
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Since the mid 1970s annual rainfall
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Effect of clearing on runoff The ot
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Salinity Monthly streamflow (ML) 10
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The ratio of the salt outputs to in
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- 11 - Hatton and Ruprecht Table 4:
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THE FUTURE In looking at the future
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McFarlane, D.J., George, R.J. & Far
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Terres
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Wetlan
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie specie
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie enviro
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APPENDIX 1 BACKGROUND HYDROLOGY AND
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WHEATBELT HYDROLOGY Flow in the Yil
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Flow (ML) STREAM SALINITY Salt Rive
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APPENDIX 2 WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
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APPENDIX 3 MANAGING WATER AND SALIN
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SUMMARY- TIMELINE OF RECENT SIGNIFI
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RECENT HISTORY OF WATER AND SALINIT
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Figure 1. Hydrological cross-sectio
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Depth (m) 316 315 314 313 312 311 M
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FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND MANAGEME
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