Dealing with salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys - Department of Water

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Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and Caccetta Figure 5: Eocene sediment localities and possible drainage pattern (after Beard 1999) Figure 6: Late Miocene-Pliocene sediment localities and drainage pattern – 7 –
Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and Caccetta Table 2: Evolution of the western part of the Australian continent (modified after Middleton 1991) Age (millions of years) Event 0-2 Quaternary – Late Pliocene sediments across wheatbelt valleys 5-2 Late Miocene - Early Pliocene sediments in palaeochannels ? Uplift and rejuvenation of Darling Range, west of Meckering Line 25-11 Miocene chemogenic sediments in Eucla and Perth Basins 38-25 Main period of lateritisation in Oligocene? 43 Final separation of Australia from Antarctica 50-38 Eocene Bremer Basin and palaeochannel sediments 50 Rejuvenation of rifting with Antarctica 105 Spreading ceased along south coast– deposition of Late Cretaceous sediments in the offshore Bremer Basin 119 Opening of rift with Antarctica Separation of India, and widening of Perth Basin 150 Beginning of separation from Antarctica 280 Glaciation 280 Formation of Perth Basin Separation of Antarctica after 43 My (Table 2) was accompanied by uplift along the Ravensthorpe Ramp (Cope 1975), about the Jarrahwood Axis, with the likely development of short incised south flowing streams. At this stage the Camm, Lockhart and Pingrup valleys may have been beheaded, or reversed. The westward trend of the North Stirlings-Mobrup-Wilgarup drainages was dissected, and the Beaufort Palaeoriver (Waterhouse et al. 1995) diverted south. In the north, uplift of the craton, with tilting to the south, reduced the erosive power of north flowing drainages. Beard (1999) concluded that the Lockhart/Camm/Yilgarn Rivers were captured at Caroline Gap, the one prominent gap in the median watershed. While it is attractive to consider that this expanded catchment may be associated with the cutting of the Perth Canyon, and Kings Park Shale (Salama 1997), the presence of Pliocene sediments in the palaeochannel downstream of Yenyenning (Figure 6), and the dissection of high level Eocene sediments in the Darling Range suggests a post- Eocene capture. By the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene there appears to have been substantial modification of the Eocene drainage pattern by uplift along the Darling Range, – 8 – with dissection of lateritised bedrock and Eocene sediments. The Meckering Line marks the eastern extent of this rejuvenation, west of which current river valleys are generally youthful and incised (Mulcahy 1973). This line of rejuvenation also partly coincidesd with the South West Seismic Zone (Beard 1999). Unlike the Eocene drainages, river systems in the Pliocene may have been able to cut more easily through deeply weathered crystalline bedrock (saprolite). Continued uplift of the whole continent to the north (Beard 1998) has contributed to the internal drainage and development of salt lakes in the north flowing valleys. The south tilt is evident from diversion of rivers to the south, such as the capture of Beaufort by the Blackwood at Duranillin, the south diversion of the Yarra Yarra Palaeodrainage (Figure 6) through the Moore-Brockman valleys, as well as the south coast rivers off the Ravensthorpe Ramp (the area of rejuvenated drainage along the south coast, Figure 1). Sedimentation Lack of widespread coarse land derived sediments in surrounding basins (Perth, Bremer, Eucla) after the Early Cretaceous (120 My) suggests that erosion of
Page 1 and 2: Foreword Dealing with Salinity in W
Page 3 and 4: 1Day one: Monday 30th July. Field t
Page 5 and 6: Papers Dealing with Salinity in Whe
Page 7 and 8: Ali and Coles biggest challenges fa
Page 9 and 10: Ali and Coles erosion, maintenance
Page 11 and 12: Ali and Coles expected under these
Page 13 and 14: Ali and Coles Coles, N.A. & Ali, M.
Page 15 and 16: Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and
Page 19: Commander, Schoknecht, Verboom and
Page 41 and 42: APPRECIATING AND CREATING OUR HISTO
Page 43 and 44: services. The Government responded
Page 45 and 46: WHEATBELT VALLEYS IN DIFFICULTIES T
Page 47 and 48: argue that they were really abnorma
Page 49 and 50: 1990s, the wheatbelt valleys in par
Page 51 and 52: REFERENCES Agstats (1997). Agricult
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Page 55 and 56: George and Coleman surface, the vas
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Page 59 and 60: George and Coleman current trends c
Page 61 and 62: George and Coleman While not as div
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Page 65 and 66: George and Coleman advantages of so
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Page 69 and 70: George and Coleman Venture Economy
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George and Coleman Lawrence, C. (19
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Hatton and Ruprecht WATCHING THE RI
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Since the mid 1970s annual rainfall
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Effect of clearing on runoff The ot
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Salinity Monthly streamflow (ML) 10
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The ratio of the salt outputs to in
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- 11 - Hatton and Ruprecht Table 4:
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THE FUTURE In looking at the future
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McFarlane, D.J., George, R.J. & Far
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Terres
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie Wetlan
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie specie
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Keighery, Halse and McKenzie enviro
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Lloyd number of legal cases pending
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Lloyd 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 -250
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Lloyd Table 3. Sheep grazing days i
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Lloyd Hectares project to provide w
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INTRODUCTION The Lake Chinocup Catc
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agriculture) in various stages, the
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- 3,477 ha of remnant vegetation or
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Scientists talk of up to 30% of the
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6320000 6300000 6280000 6260000 624
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Although the waterlogged area under
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eliminates drainage through the nex
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REFERENCES Dawes, W.R., Stauffacher
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Pannell ECONOMICS, SOCIETY AND ENVI
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Pannell • the area of land protec
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Pannell Proposals to construct majo
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Pannell been conducted for the Cent
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Pannell investments in long-term la
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Pannell Pannell, D.J. (2001). Dryla
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Porter, Bartle and Cooper Table 1:
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Porter, Bartle and Cooper operation
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Porter, Bartle and Cooper Increase
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Porter, Bartle and Cooper support i
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Porter, Bartle and Cooper that is a
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CASE STUDY - TOOLIBIN LAKE AND CATC
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• The distribution, storage and m
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Secondly, there is a set of practic
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within three categories: relationsh
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CONCLUSIONS Actions to protect and
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FIELD TOUR LOCATIONS FIELD TOUR NOT
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COLES FARM “Avon River Basin Over
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Conference Outcomes Dealing with Sa
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with Salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys:
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with Salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys
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Photo Gallery 2 Dealing with Salini
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APPENDIX 1 BACKGROUND HYDROLOGY AND
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WHEATBELT HYDROLOGY Flow in the Yil
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Flow (ML) STREAM SALINITY Salt Rive
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APPENDIX 2 WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
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APPENDIX 3 MANAGING WATER AND SALIN
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SUMMARY- TIMELINE OF RECENT SIGNIFI
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RECENT HISTORY OF WATER AND SALINIT
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Figure 1. Hydrological cross-sectio
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Depth (m) 316 315 314 313 312 311 M
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FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND MANAGEME
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Dealing with salinity in Wheatbelt Valleys - Department of Water

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