The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Percussion and Pressure Indirect-percussion flakes are found at Piedras Negras, and they are good markers for the production of microcrystalline-quartz eccentrics and stemmed bifaces. Relatively small in size (
5.6.5: Blades, Core Reduction Debitage, and Cores There is sparse evidence that microcrystalline-quartz polyhedral cores were reduced at Piedras Negras. A small sample of possible exhausted-cores (N=3) appears to have been polished and transformed into awls or chisels. Figure 5.13 depicts one of these possible cores, which is marked as such by the multifaceted platform and remnant blade scars on the face of the piece. Rejuvenation flakes and percussion blades also are found at Piedras Negras (Figure 5.14). It is unclear by what means the blades were produced because the sample is too small. Microcrystalline-quartz blades, however, do appear in burial contexts indicating that they were of some value to the local population. Percussion blades and polyhedral cores from a cave site near El Cayo (Lee and Hayden 1989) indicate that microcrystalline-quartz blade technology was a regional phenomenon. 5.6.6: Ad Hoc Cores and Flakes The most common ad hoc flake-core technology at Piedras Negras was the multidirectional flake-core, but there also is evidence of unidirectional flake-core reduction. Multidirectional flake-cores usually were made from nodule fragments, and thick, short nodule-reduction flakes that were unusable for the production of bifaces. The cores are often spherical or discoid in shape, and often are made from rough-texture microcrystalline quartzes. The flakes are short and thick. The dorsal scarring pattern can resemble those of biface-reduction flakes, but the platform is larger, poorly prepared, and often angular. Based on hammerstone morphology at the site, multidirectional flake-cores were a common “blank” for hammerstones, which were further rounded through use. 203
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
Page 168 and 169: #20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
Page 170 and 171: #30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
Page 172 and 173: typological variation also may stem
Page 174 and 175: This form is thoroughly described i
Page 176 and 177: Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
Page 180 and 181: describes the technology and morpho
Page 182 and 183: The working bit is produced by a si
Page 184 and 185: 5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
Page 186 and 187: 5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
Page 188 and 189: ased on proximal or medial fragment
Page 190 and 191: Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
Page 192 and 193: medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
Page 194 and 195: leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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Page 198 and 199: in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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Page 202 and 203: The small stemmed biface type also
Page 204 and 205: domestic archaeological record at P
Page 206 and 207: and northern Belize regions. During
Page 208 and 209: Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
Page 210 and 211: Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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Page 214 and 215: At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
Page 216 and 217: The goal of reduction would be to p
Page 220 and 221: Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
Page 222 and 223: 5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
Page 224 and 225: CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
Page 226 and 227: Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
Page 228 and 229: Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
Page 230 and 231: Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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Page 234 and 235: face of the core. Clark and Bryant
Page 236 and 237: Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
Page 238 and 239: Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
Page 240 and 241: section, and then were prepared and
Page 242 and 243: Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
Page 244 and 245: Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
Page 246 and 247: lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
Page 248 and 249: Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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Page 252 and 253: Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
Page 260 and 261: differentiation in others. This is
Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
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anywhere from one to twenty years a
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Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
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etween the two samples of obsidian
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indicates they may have been associ
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Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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304
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although in a diminished quantity,
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anthropomorphized or characterized
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circumscribed, especially consideri
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Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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as a potpourri of symbols and reduc
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continued, although in a minor way
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Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
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tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
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ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
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8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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obsidian technologies differed from
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organization at the end of the Yaxc
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The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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previously unrecognized patterns of
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conversion of symbolic capital may
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cache name contains the name of the
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
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Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
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1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367:
Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369:
Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
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1992a Resources, Specialization, an
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Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
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Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
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Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
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Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
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Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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