The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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continued, although in a minor way after the introduction of bifacially-reduced obsidian eccentrics (Figure 7.22), suggests that this tradition did survive, but was not the most valued product. The final stages of collapse at Piedras Negras reveal an increase in caching ritual, especially in the O-13 pyramid. The inclusion of many notched-flake obsidian eccentrics, probably associated with auto-sacrifice (Joyce 1992), may mark a return to earlier obsidian practices, ideologies, and traditions. Regardless of changes in technology, symbolism, and ultimately, obsidian craft specialists through time, obsidian eccentrics continued as an important element of caching ritual up until the political demise of the center. 7.3.2.3: Other examples of the ritual use of debitage. No hieroglyphic texts were found in caches, but royal and elite burials often were interred with highly polished goods that featured hieroglyphic writing. The illustrious stone carvers and scribes of Piedras Negras incised jades and shells with images of Classic Maya deities, without any reference to the logosyllabic writing for which they were famous. These basic site-wide patterns suggest that burials at Piedras Negras were places of lived and recorded history, scribes, and the consumption of well-finished high-quality goods, while caches reflect concepts of primordial world creation through craft production; they reflect the early stages of certain kinds of craft production. Given the high quality and value of these goods in royal burials at Piedras Negras, the deposition of production debitage in these same deposits seems to be out of place. Two royal burials in particular, and Early Classic 316
Figure 7.23: Biface-reduction flakes from Burial 10. Photograph by Zachary X. Hruby. 317
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
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Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 292 and 293: Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
Page 296 and 297: Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
Page 298 and 299: number of different ways. According
Page 300 and 301: It is true, however, that the major
Page 302 and 303: Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
Page 304 and 305: Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
Page 306 and 307: obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
Page 316 and 317: indicates they may have been associ
Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
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Page 326 and 327: circumscribed, especially consideri
Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
Page 330 and 331: as a potpourri of symbols and reduc
Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
Page 342 and 343: obsidian technologies differed from
Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
Page 348 and 349: previously unrecognized patterns of
Page 350 and 351: conversion of symbolic capital may
Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 354 and 355: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 360 and 361: Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367: Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371: 1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379: Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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