The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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1992a Resources, Specialization, and Exchange in the Maya Lowlands. In The American Southwest and Mesoamerica. Jonathan E. Ericson and Timothy G. Baugh, eds. Pp. 213-245. New York: Plenum Press. 1992b A Theoretical Perspective on Elites and the Economic Transformation of Classic Period Maya Households. In Understanding Economic Process, Monographs in Economic Anthropology, 8. Sutti Ortiz, ed. Pp. 85-103. Lanham, MD: University Press of the Americas. 1995 Living With the Ancestors. Austin: University of Texas Press. McGuire, Randall 1992 A Marxist Archaeology. San Diego: Academic Press. Meadows, Richard 2001 Crafting K'awil: A Comparative Analysis of Ancient Maya Symbolic Lithics from Three Sites in Northern Belize. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin. Mejía A., Héctor E., and Edgar O. Suyuc L. 2000 Ri Chay Abaj Proyecto Geológico-Arqueológico El Chaya1. U tz’ib 1(1). Guatemala: Asocacion Tikal. Meskell, Lynn, and Rosemary Joyce 2003 Embodied Lives: Figuring Ancient Maya and Egyptian Experience. London and New York: Routledge. Mitchum, Beverly A. 1981 Obsidian as a Non-Essential Resource (Abstract). Lithic Technology 10(1):6. 1986 Chipped Stone Artifacts. In Archaeology at Cerros, Belize, Central America, Vol. 1. R. A. Robertson and D. A. Freidel, eds. Pp. 105-115. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press. 1991 Lithic Artifacts from Cerros, Belize: Products Consumption and Trade. In Maya Stone Tools: Selected Papers from the Second Maya Lithic Conference. Thomas R. Hester and Harry J. Shafer, eds. Pp. 45-54. Monographs in World Archaeology, 1. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press. Mock, Shirley Boteler, ed. 1998 The Sowing and the Dawning: Termination, Dedication, and Transformation in the Archaeological and Ethnographic Record of Mesoamerica. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 354
Moholy-Nagy, Hattula 1989 Who Used Obsidian at Tikal? In La Obsidiana en Mesoamerica. Margarita Gaxiola and John E. Clark, eds. Pp.379-389. Mexico: Serie Arqueológico, WAM. 1991 The Flaked Chert Industry of Tikal, Guatemala. In Maya Stone Tools: Selected Papers from the Second Maya Lithic Conference. Thomas R. Hester and Harry J. Shafer, eds. Pp. 189-202. Monographs in World Archaeology, 1. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press. 1997 Middens, Construction Fill, and Offerings: Evidence for the Organization of Classic Period Craft Production at Tikal, Guatemala. Journal of Field Archaeology 24:293-313. Monaghan, John 1998 Dedication: Ritual or Production? In The Sowing and the Dawning: Termination, Dedication, and Transformation in the Archaeological and Ethnographic Record of Mesoamerica. Shirley B. Mock, ed. Pp. 47-52. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. Muñoz, A. René 1999 La Cerámica de Piedras Negras: Temporada de 1999. In Proyecto Piedras Negras Informe Preliminar No. 3 Tercera Temporada, 1999. Héctor L. Escobedo and Stephen D. Houston, eds. Pp. 347-358. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). 2001 La Cerámica de Piedras Negras: Analisis 1997-2000. In Proyecto Piedras Negras Informe Preliminar No. 4 Cuarta Temporada, 2000. Héctor L. Escobedo and Stephen D. Houston, eds. Pp. 527-542. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). 2001 Ceramics at Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Technical Report. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. http://www.famsi.org /reports/00079/index.html. 2003 The Ceramic Sequence of Piedras Negras, Guatemala: Type and Varieties. Technical Report. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. http://www.famsi.org/reports/02055/index.html. Muñoz, A. René, Mary J. Acuña, and Griselda Pérez 2002 Del Preclasico al Clasico Temprano: Problemas de Interpretación. Paper Presented at the XVI Simposio de Arqueología de Guatemala, Museo Nacional, Guatemala. 355
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
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anywhere from one to twenty years a
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Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
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etween the two samples of obsidian
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indicates they may have been associ
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Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
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Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 354 and 355: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 360 and 361: Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367: Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379: Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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