The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negras were at least lightly ground, the knappers must have periodically prepared the platform of the core as well as specific areas with platform overhang or irregularities 18 . If an error was made, such as a step or hinge termination near the platform or elsewhere on the face of the core, a potentially risky set of procedures were used to fix the problem. At Piedras Negras there are six readily identifiable rejuvenation and maintenance techniques with corresponding debitage types. The first four types can be described as rejuvenation procedures and the last two are better characterized as core maintenance procedures. First, irregularities and errors on or near the platform margin were corrected by removing either a faceting flake (Figure 6.13.1), or a single tabular flake that created an entirely new platform (Figure 6.13.2). The flakes were struck from the core by direct percussion with a hammerstone, using the proximal end of a pressure- blade scar as a platform. The greatest dangers in this technique are deep hinge terminations, or overshot terminations that can destroy an entire side of the platform. A second procedure removes a step or hinge termination, caused by a blade detachment failure, by direct percussion at the proximal end of the core (Figure 6.14). The force of the blow is meant to drive under the irregularity and the blade or flake removes the termination failure. The downsides to this maneuver are that it can remove a relatively large portion of the core and has a high probability of failing at the same termination it was meant to ameliorate. Third, if the termination was not too wide or deep, medial rejuvenation was carried out with a pressure-flaking device (cf. Clark and Bryant 1997). The hinge or step 230
Figure 6.12: Third-series blades that feature platform planes, which are not perpendicular to the pressure scars on the dorsal surface of the blades. Drawings by Shuji Araki. 231
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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Page 198 and 199: in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
Page 200 and 201: core such as is used in the Middle
Page 202 and 203: The small stemmed biface type also
Page 204 and 205: domestic archaeological record at P
Page 206 and 207: and northern Belize regions. During
Page 208 and 209: Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
Page 210 and 211: Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
Page 212 and 213: they had the same meaning and value
Page 214 and 215: At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
Page 216 and 217: The goal of reduction would be to p
Page 218 and 219: 5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
Page 220 and 221: Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
Page 222 and 223: 5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
Page 224 and 225: CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
Page 226 and 227: Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
Page 228 and 229: Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
Page 230 and 231: Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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Page 234 and 235: face of the core. Clark and Bryant
Page 236 and 237: Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
Page 238 and 239: Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
Page 240 and 241: section, and then were prepared and
Page 242 and 243: Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
Page 244 and 245: Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
Page 248 and 249: Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
Page 250 and 251: termination was used as a platform
Page 252 and 253: Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
Page 256 and 257: this technique is on transforming t
Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
Page 260 and 261: differentiation in others. This is
Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
Page 266 and 267: specific types of debitage, only re
Page 268 and 269: for cylindrical cores. The edges of
Page 270 and 271: The debitage from the production of
Page 272 and 273: is understood to be the site core.
Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
Page 276 and 277: Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
Page 278 and 279: inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
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Page 288 and 289: historical connection to previous i
Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 292 and 293: Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
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anywhere from one to twenty years a
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Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
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etween the two samples of obsidian
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indicates they may have been associ
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Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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304
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although in a diminished quantity,
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anthropomorphized or characterized
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circumscribed, especially consideri
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Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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as a potpourri of symbols and reduc
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continued, although in a minor way
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Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
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tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
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ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
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8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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obsidian technologies differed from
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organization at the end of the Yaxc
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The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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previously unrecognized patterns of
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conversion of symbolic capital may
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cache name contains the name of the
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
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Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
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1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367:
Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369:
Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371:
1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373:
Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
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Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377:
Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379:
Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381:
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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