The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modification PN 46 Chacalhaaz Percussion Blade Notched PN 46 Chacalhaaz Pressure Flake PN 46 Late Chacalhaaz Percussion Blade Bipolar PN 46 Late Chacalhaaz Distal Rejuvenation Flake Partial Notch? PN 46 Early Chacalhaaz Percussion Blade Bipolar PN 46 Early Chacalhaaz Exhausted Core Bipolar PN 47 No Date Percussion Blade Notched PN 47 No Date Exhausted Core Notched PN 52 No Date Notching Flake From Biface PN 54 No Date Failed Eccentric PN 59 No Date Distal Rejuvenation Blade Ground Arris PN 59 No Date Lateral Rejuvenation Flake Partial Notch Table 7.3 continued. 280
Finally, Table 7.3 lists the production evidence for obsidian eccentrics at the site. The only residential groups that feature obsidian eccentric production evidence are Operation 33 and 46. These groups also happen to be those that feature the longest history of obsidian blade production. It is possible that other residential groups also manufactured obsidian eccentrics, but no evidence has yet been discovered. During the Yaxche phase, Operation 33 has the only sample of eccentric production evidence with three flakes. Operation 46 and 33 both yielded eccentric production evidence during the early and Late Chacalhaaz subphases. These results show that the royal palace and residential groups from the site center were involved to an unknown degree in the production of obsidian eccentrics for royal consumption. 7.2.1.3: Summary of production evidence. The production of chipped-stone goods appears to have been restricted during some time periods, but it is relatively rare. Obsidian in particular was restricted during the Early and Late Yaxche subphases, and also during the Kumche phase. During the Yaxche phase, residential groups on the acropolis and in the U Group were the only major blade-producers thus far identified (Figure 7.7). It is important to note that the production of chipped-stone goods crosscut status boundaries, and was not solely a royal or commoner craft. The number of production locales increased during the Chacalhaaz phase (Figure 7.8). Production continued in the U group and the acropolis, but also occurred in other households throughout the city center and into the near periphery. The Chacalhaaz phase reveals a marked increase in the frequency of obsidian debitage, which can be explained in a 281
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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Page 248 and 249: Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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Page 252 and 253: Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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Page 268 and 269: for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
Page 276 and 277: Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
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Page 288 and 289: historical connection to previous i
Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 292 and 293: Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Page 302 and 303: Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
Page 304 and 305: Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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previously unrecognized patterns of
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conversion of symbolic capital may
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cache name contains the name of the
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
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Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
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1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
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Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
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Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
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1992a Resources, Specialization, an
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Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
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Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
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Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
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Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
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Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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