The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Average Weight Per Piece (g) Average Length (mm) Average Width (mm) Abal 12 0.2667 18 7.8 Naba 7.1 0.5682 21.345 9.8091 Balche 6.43 0.5559 19.324 9.4147 Yaxche 6.53 0.6125 19.552 10.16 Chacalhaaz 6.2 0.6042 18.591 10.191 Kumche 6.17 0.62 18.517 10.362 Abal 12 0.2667 18 7.8 Naba 7.1 0.5682 21.345 9.8091 Balche 6.43 0.5559 19.324 9.4147 Yaxche, Early 6.77 0.6034 20.302 9.4492 Yaxche, Late 7.36 0.5259 18.393 10.745 Chacalhaaz, Early 6.07 0.5575 18.183 10.231 Chacalhaaz, Late 6.23 0.5793 18.654 10.212 Kumche 6.17 0.62 18.517 10.362 Total 6.23 0.6046 18.715 10.179 Table 7.2: Cutting edge to mass ratio for obsidian blades at Piedras Negras. 276
working in the outskirts of the city, and that an obsidian-blade specialist did not live there. In summary, the production of obsidian goods at Piedras Negras was quantitatively and qualitatively different from the production of microcrystalline-quartz goods for most time periods. Obsidian-blade production appears to be less common and more restricted than the production of microcrystalline-quartz tools during most phases. Although there is no evidence for production for early time periods, PN33 and PN46 appear to have a longer tradition of obsidian-blade manufacture, especially PN33, where production continued into Kumche times. The lack of obsidian evidence for Preclassic and Early Classic deposits suggests that obsidian-blade production was not a widespread activity during those times. Only PN33 and PN46, which designate residential groups in the city center and acropolis, feature evidence of blade production for the Yaxche phase (Figure 7.7). This pattern also holds if the Early and Late Yaxche phases are analyzed separately. Production evidence from the Chacalhaaz phase indicates that residential groups that produced blades during the Yaxche phase, continued to do so in the Terminal Classic. However, other residential groups began blade production during the Chacalhaaz phase. Production became less widespread during Kumche times, but this ostensibly was after dynastic centralized control had already dissolved. The restricted nature of production during Yaxche times does not appear to be a factor of sampling, since this pattern can be illustrated in two other ways. The first is that the quantity of obsidian used in Chacalhaaz versus Yaxche phase caches is quite low, and the CE:M ratio becomes lower through time. The last statement requires some clarification. 277
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
Page 242 and 243: Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
Page 244 and 245: Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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Page 248 and 249: Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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Page 252 and 253: Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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Page 268 and 269: for cylindrical cores. The edges of
Page 270 and 271: The debitage from the production of
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Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
Page 276 and 277: Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
Page 278 and 279: inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
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Page 288 and 289: historical connection to previous i
Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
Page 296 and 297: Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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Page 302 and 303: Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
Page 304 and 305: Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
Page 306 and 307: obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
Page 308 and 309: debitage had a symbolic and economi
Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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obsidian technologies differed from
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organization at the end of the Yaxc
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The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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previously unrecognized patterns of
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conversion of symbolic capital may
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cache name contains the name of the
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
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Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
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1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
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Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369:
Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
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1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373:
Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
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Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
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Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379:
Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381:
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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