The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and John E. Clark Ms. A Preliminary Analysis of the Elemental and Technological Aspects of Chipped-Stone Artifacts From Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Ms. in possession of author. Hruby, Zachary X., and John Robertson 2001 Evidence for Language Change in Ancient Maya Writing: A Case Study of the Verb Tzutz. Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing, 50. Pp. 25-40. Washington: Center for Maya Research. Inomata, Takeshi 2001 The Power and Ideology of Artistic Creation: Elite Craft Specialists in Classic Maya Society. Current Anthropology 42(3):321-349. Inomata, Takeshi, and Stephen D. Houston 2001 Royal Courts of the Ancient Maya. Volume I: Theory, Comparison, and Synthesis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press Inomata, Takeshi, and Laura R. Stiver 1998 Floor Assemblages from Burned Structures at Aguateca, Guatemala: A Study of Classic Maya Households. Journal of Field Archaeology 25(4):431-452. Jackson, Sarah, and Zachary X. Hruby 2001 PN 15: Excavaciones en el Palacio Sur de Piedras Negras. In Proyecto Piedras Negras Informe Preliminar No. 4 Cuarta Temporada, 2000. Héctor L. Escobedo and Stephen D. Houston, eds. Pp. 27-36. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). Jackson, Thomas L. and Michael W. Love 1991 Blade Running: Middle Preclassic Obsidian Exchange and the Introduction of Prismatic Blades at la Blanca, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 2(1):47-59. Johnson, Jay K. 1976a Chipped Stone Artifacts from the Western Maya Periphery. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University. 1976b Long Distance Obsidian Trade: New Data from the Western Maya Periphery. In Maya Lithic Studies: Papers from the 1976 Belize Field Symposium. Thomas. R. Hester and Norman Hammond, eds. Pp. 83-90. San Antonio: Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas. 350
1996 Lithic Analysis and Questions of Cultural Complexity: The Maya. In Stone Tools: Theoretical Insights into Human Prehistory. George Odell, ed. Pp.159-179. New York: Plenum Press. Joyce, Rosemary A. 1992 Ideology in Action: Classic Maya Ritual Practice. In Ancient Images, Ancient Thought: The Archaeology of Ideology. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Chacmool Conference. A. Sean Goldsmith, Sandra Garvie, David Selin and Jeannette Smith, eds. Pp. 497-506. Calgary: Archaeological Association, University of Calgary. 2000 Gender and Power in Prehispanic Mesoamerica. Austin: University of Texas Press. Joyce, T. A., E. L. Gruning, T. Gann, and R. C. E. Long 1928 Report on the British Museum Expedition to British Honduras. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 58:325-350. Joyce, Thomas A. 1914 Mexican Archaeology, an Introduction to the Archaeology of the Mexican and Mayan Civilizations of Pre-Spanish America. London: P.L. Warner. 1932 The “eccentric” flints of Central America. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 62:xvii-xxvi. Kearney, Michael 1984 World View. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Kidder, Alfred V. 1947 The Artifacts of Uaxactun Guatemala. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 576. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1948 The Artifacts of Zacualpa. In Excavations at Zacualpa, Guatemala, by Robert Wauchope. Middle American Research Institute, Publication 561. New Orleans, LA: Tulane University. Kidder, Alfred V., Jesse D. Jennings, and Edwin M. Shook 1946 Excavations at Kaminaljuyú, Guatemala. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 561. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. King, Eleanor, and Daniel Potter 1994 Small Sites in Prehistoric Maya Socioeconomic Organization: a Perspective from Colhá, Belize. In Archaeological Veiws from the Countryside: Village Communities in Early Complex Societies. G. Schwartz and S. Falconer, eds. Pp. 64-90. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press. 351
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
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anywhere from one to twenty years a
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Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
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etween the two samples of obsidian
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
Page 342 and 343: obsidian technologies differed from
Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
Page 348 and 349: previously unrecognized patterns of
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Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 354 and 355: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 360 and 361: Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371: 1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379: Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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