The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Production and Consumption Among Classic Period Maya Households. In Maya Stone Tools: Selected Papers from the Second Maya Lithic Conference. Thomas R. Hester and Harry J. Shafer, eds. Pp. 251- 265. Monographs in World Archaeology, 1. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press. Flad, Rowan K., and Zachary X. Hruby n.d. Specialized Production in Archaeological Contexts: Rethinking Specialization, Product Value, and Production. In Rethinking Craft Production in Archaeological Contexts. Zachary X. Hruby and Rowan Flad, eds. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. Fleniken, J. Jeffrey, and Kenneth G. Hirth 2003 Handheld Prismatic Blade Manufacture in Mesoamerica. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation. Kenneth G. Hirth, ed. Pp. 98-107. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press. Flenniken, J. Jeffrey, and Anan W. Raymond 1986 Morphological Projectile Point Typology: Replication Experimentation and Technological Analysis. American Antiquity 51:603-14. Flenniken, J. Jeffrey, and Philip J. Wilke 1989 Typology, Technology, and Chronology of Great Basin Dart Points. American Anthropologist 91:149-158. Forsyth, Donald W., and Zachary X. Hruby 1997 Middle and Late Preclassic Ceramic Report for Piedras Negras Project, Guatemala National Museum. In Proyecto Arqueológico Piedras Negras: Informe Preliminar No. 1, Primera Temporada, 1997. Héctor Escobedo and Stephen Houston, eds. Pp. 207-212. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). Fowler, William R. 1987 Analysis of the Chipped Stone Artifacts of El Mirador, Guatemala. Notes from the New World Archaeological Foundation, No. 5. Provo, UT: New World Archaeological Foundation. Frison, George C. 1968 A Functional Analysis of Certain Chipped Stone Tools. In American Antiquity, 33(2):149-150. 344
Gann, Thomas. W. F. 1918 The Maya Indians of Southern Yucatan and Northern British Honduras. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, 64. Pp. 655-692. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 1925 Mystery Cities. London: Camelot Press. 1929 Discoveries and Adventures in Central America. New York: Scribner. 1930 Changes in the Maya Censor from the Earliest to the Latest Times. In proceedings, 24 th International Congress of Americanists. Pp. 51-4. Hamburg. Gann, Thomas W. F., and Mary Gann 1939 Archeological Investigations in the Corozal District of British Honduras. Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Papers, 7. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. Garrido, Lilian 1998 PN 12: Excavaciones en la Plaza del Grupo Oeste. In Proyecto Arqueológico Piedras Negras: Informe Preliminar No. 2, Segunda Temporada, 1998. Héctor Escobedo and Stephen Houston, eds. Pp. 55-81. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). 1999 PN 12: Excavaciones en la Plaza del Grupo Oeste. In Proyecto Piedras Negras Informe Preliminar No. 3 Tercera Temporada, 1999. Héctor L. Escobedo and Stephen D. Houston, eds. Pp. 21-26. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). 2001a PN 12: Excavaciones en la Plaza del Grupo Oeste. In Proyecto Piedras Negras Informe Preliminar No. 4 Cuarta Temporada, 2000. Héctor L. Escobedo and Stephen D. Houston, eds. Pp. 7-26. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). Geertz, Clifford 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books. Giddens, Anthony 1981 A contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 345
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 354 and 355: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367: Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371: 1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379: Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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