The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Site Operation Phase Area Non- production Debitage Count % of Production Production Debitage Debitage Count from Total RS 16 Chacalhaaz Near-Periphery 13 6 46.154 PN 23 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 421 169 40.334 PN 46 Yaxche Acropolis 48 19 39.583 PN 46 Chacalhaaz Acropolis 236 91 38.559 PN 33 Kumche Site-Center 145 52 36.62 PN 33 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 1509 550 36.594 PN 33 Yaxche Site-Center 156 55 36.424 PN 25 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 25 9 36 PN 41 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 511 168 32.749 PN 26 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 13 4 30.769 RS 6 Chacalhaaz Near-Periphery 168 45 26.786 PN 24 Yaxche Site-Center 108 22 20.37 Table 7.4: Percentage of obsidian production-debitage per operation. 286
Site Operation Phase Area Non- % of production Production Production Debitage Count Debitage Count Debitage from Total PN 62 Kumche Site-Center 6 6 100 PN 24 Yaxche Site-Center 28 23 82.143 PN 33 Yaxche Site-Center 50 41 82 PN 41 Yaxche Site-Center 16 13 81.25 PN 33 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 391 316 80.818 PN 62 Yaxche Site-Center 40 32 80 PN 35 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 43 34 79.07 PN 62 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 80 63 78.75 PN 41 Kumche Site-Center 18 14 77.778 PN 46 Yaxche Acropolis 22 17 77.273 PN 41 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 347 256 73.775 PN 23 Yaxche Site-Center 25 17 68 PN 46 Chacalhaaz Acropolis 118 74 62.712 RS 28 Kumche Near-Periphery 16 10 62.5 RS 28 Chacalhaaz Near-Periphery 102 62 60.784 PN 33 Kumche Site-Center 28 16 57.143 PN 20 Balche Site-Center 18 10 55.556 PN 23 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 169 92 54.438 PN 15 Chacalhaaz Site-Center 24 13 54.167 Table 7.5: Percentage of microcrystalline quartz production-debitage per operation. 287
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
Page 252 and 253: Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
Page 256 and 257: this technique is on transforming t
Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
Page 260 and 261: differentiation in others. This is
Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
Page 266 and 267: specific types of debitage, only re
Page 268 and 269: for cylindrical cores. The edges of
Page 270 and 271: The debitage from the production of
Page 272 and 273: is understood to be the site core.
Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
Page 276 and 277: Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
Page 278 and 279: inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
Page 280 and 281: 264
Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
Page 286 and 287: 270
Page 288 and 289: historical connection to previous i
Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 292 and 293: Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
Page 296 and 297: Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
Page 298 and 299: number of different ways. According
Page 300 and 301: It is true, however, that the major
Page 304 and 305: Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
Page 306 and 307: obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
Page 308 and 309: debitage had a symbolic and economi
Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
Page 316 and 317: indicates they may have been associ
Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
Page 320 and 321: 304
Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
Page 324 and 325: anthropomorphized or characterized
Page 326 and 327: circumscribed, especially consideri
Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
Page 330 and 331: as a potpourri of symbols and reduc
Page 332 and 333: continued, although in a minor way
Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
Page 342 and 343: obsidian technologies differed from
Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
Page 348 and 349: previously unrecognized patterns of
Page 350 and 351: conversion of symbolic capital may
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cache name contains the name of the
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363:
Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365:
1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367:
Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369:
Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371:
1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373:
Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375:
Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377:
Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379:
Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381:
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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