The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual Craft Specialists in Middle Range Societies. In Craft and Social Identity. Cathy L. Costin and Rita P. Wright, eds. Pp. 153-160. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 8. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. Stark, Barbara L., and Lynette Heller 1989 La Producción Residencial de Implementos Liticos. In La Obsidiana en Mesoamérica. Margarita Gaxiola G. and John E. Clark, eds. Pp. 263-268. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Stephens, John Loyd 1850 Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. New York. Stoltman, James B. 1978 Lithic Artifacts from a Complex Society: The Chipped-Stone Tools of Becán, Campeche, Mexico. Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University, Occasional Paper 2. New Orleans, LA: Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University. Stone, Andrea 1989 Disconnection, Foreign Insignia, and Political Expansion: The Warrior Stelae of Piedras Negras. In Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan. Eds. Richard A. Diehl and Janet C. Berlo. Pp. 153-172. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks. Stuart, David 1998 Una Guerra Entre Yaxchilán y Piedras Negras? In Proyecto Arqueológico Piedras Negras: Informe Preliminar No. 2, Segunda Temporada, 1998. Héctor Escobedo and Stephen Houston, eds. Pp. 389-392. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). 2000 “The Arrival of Strangers”: Teotihuacan and Tollan in Classic Maya History. In Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs. Davíd Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, and Scott Sessions, eds. Pp. 465- 513. Boulder: University Press of Colorado. Stuart, David, and Stephen D. Houston 1994 Classic Maya Placenames. Studies in Pre-Colombian Art and Archaeology, 33. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 362
Taube, Karl A. 1998 The Jade Hearth: Centrality, Rulership, and the Classic Maya Temple. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. S. D. Houston, ed. Pp. 427-478. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. 2004 Structure 10L-16 and Its Early Classic Antecedents: Fire and the Evocation and Resurrection of K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’. In Understanding Early Classic Copán. E. E. Bell, M. A. Canuto, and R. J. Sharer, eds. Pp. 265-295.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. Tedlock, Dennis 1996 Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life. New York: Touchstone. Thompson, J. Eric S. 1939 Excavations at San Jose, British Honduras. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 506. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1963 Maya Archaeologist. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Thompson, Marc 1991 Flaked Celt Production at Becán, Campeche, Mexico. In Maya Stone Tools: Selected Papers from the Second Maya Lithic Conference. T. R. Hester and H. J. Shafer, eds. Pp. 143-154. Monographs in World Archaeology, 1. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press. Titmus, Gene L., and John E. Clark 2003 Mexica Blade Making with Wooden Tools: Recent Experimental Insights. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation. Kenneth G. Hirth, ed. Pp. 72-97. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Titmus, Gene L., and James C. Woods 2003 Evidence for the Use of the Indirect Percussion Technique in Mesoamerica from Preliminary Experiments Concerning Their Manufacture. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation. Kenneth G. Hirth, ed. Pp. 132-146. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Tomasic, John, Claudia Maria Quintanilla, and Edy Alejandro Barrios 2005 Excavaciones y Reconocimientos Regionales del Proyecto Cancuen en el Sitio Aqueológico Tres Islas Rio la Pasión, Petén. Paper presented at the XVIII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueologicas en Guatemala. Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. 363
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
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obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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debitage had a symbolic and economi
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anywhere from one to twenty years a
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Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
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etween the two samples of obsidian
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indicates they may have been associ
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Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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304
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although in a diminished quantity,
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anthropomorphized or characterized
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circumscribed, especially consideri
Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 332 and 333: continued, although in a minor way
Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
Page 342 and 343: obsidian technologies differed from
Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
Page 348 and 349: previously unrecognized patterns of
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Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 354 and 355: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 360 and 361: Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367: Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371: 1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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