The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Chacalhaaz Balche Yaxche, Early Yaxche, Late Chacalhaaz, Early Chacalhaaz, Late Notched Flake 30 22 3 25 3 8 12 Notched Blade 42 31 1 27 13 6 25 Notched Core 10 17 5 2 11 2 Mostly Bifaced 3 16 0 0 11 5 Fully Bifaced Microcrystalline- Quartz Eccentric Types 7 90 0 1 81 8 Yaxche Chacalhaaz Balche Yaxche, Early Yaxche, Late Chacalhaaz, Early Chacalhaaz, Late Painted Flake 28 28 Notched Flake 39 37 2 31 5 3 29 Mostly Bifaced 25 52 5 14 7 29 12 Fully Bifaced 30 122 3 11 8 68 21 Table 7.6: Frequency of obsidian eccentric types through time at Piedras Negras. 288
quartz materials were found at Piedras Negras. This paucity of production evidence for microcrystalline-quartz eccentrics makes it unclear whether cached eccentrics were made on site. The frequency of eccentrics made from local materials, however, suggests that at least some were made in the vicinity of Piedras Negras. The technological and symbolic similarities between obsidian and microcrystalline-quartz eccentrics also suggest that they were formulated by local artisans and were not a mix of imported eccentrics made elsewhere. Greater formal variability may be found in the Piedras Negras sample if eccentrics were imported for caching rituals. Finally, the general lack of most types of imported goods (of any material) at Piedras Negras suggests that Piedras Negras elites may not have had the capability to import large quantities of prestige goods, such as the eccentrics found in the many caches at the site. If production debitage from caches and burials is added to debitage totals from the acropolis, then royal access to production debitage is much greater than any other spatial grouping. This is true for both microcrystalline quartz and obsidian materials for the three main phases of the Late Classic period (Balche, Yaxche, Chacalhaaz). The royal Burials 13 and 10 both contain a relatively large quantity of biface-thinning flakes, and the majority of microcrystalline-quartz eccentrics for the Yaxche phase, and obsidian eccentrics from all time periods were made out of production-related debitage. Thus, if all of these factors are considered, then the royal family did have more access to production debitage than any other group in the city. Whether they produced that debitage, however, is an entirely different question. Since a number of residential groups produced obsidian blades, and in some cases 289
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
Page 254 and 255: Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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Page 258 and 259: 6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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Page 262 and 263: Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
Page 264 and 265: Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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Page 268 and 269: for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
Page 276 and 277: Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
Page 278 and 279: inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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Page 282 and 283: area of the city. PN23 also appears
Page 284 and 285: The third and final spatial groupin
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Page 288 and 289: historical connection to previous i
Page 290 and 291: any other residential group at Pied
Page 292 and 293: Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
Page 294 and 295: An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
Page 296 and 297: Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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Page 300 and 301: It is true, however, that the major
Page 302 and 303: Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
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Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
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Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
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Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1
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Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
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Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
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Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
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Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
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1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
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Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369:
Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
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1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373:
Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
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Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
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Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379:
Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381:
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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