The Organization of Chipped-Stone Economies at Piedras Negras ...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldenderfer, Mark S. 1991 The Structure of Late Classic Lithic Assemblages in the Petén Lakes Region, Guatemala. In Maya Stone Tools: Selected Papers from the Second Maya Lithic Conference. Thomas R. Hester, and Harry J. Shafer, eds. Pp. 119-142. Monographs in World Archaeology, 1. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press. Andrefsky, William. 1994 Raw Material Availability and the Organization of Technology. American Antiquity 59(1):21-35. Andreson, John 1976 Notes on the Pre-Colombian Chert Industry of Northern Belize. In Maya Lithic Studies: Papers from the 1976 Belize Field Symposium. Thomas. R. Hester and Norman Hammond, eds. Pp. 151-176. San Antonio: Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas. Andrews, E. Wyllis, IV, and Irwin Rovner 1973 Archaeological Evidence on Social Stratification and Commerce in the Northern Maya Lowlands: Two Mason’s Toolkits from Muna and Dzibilchaltun, Yucatan. Middle American Research Series, 31. Pp. 82- 103. New Orleans, LA: Tulane University. Aoyama, Kazuo 1991 Analisis de la Lítica Menor, in Investigaciones Arqueologicas en La Region de La Entrada, Tomo II. S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, eds. San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero and Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia. 1994 Socioeconomic Implications of Chipped Stone from the La Entrada Region, Western Honduras. Journal of Field Archaeology 21(2):133-145. 1999 Ancient Maya State, Urbanism, Exchange, and Craft Specialization: Chipped Stone Evidence of the Copán Valley and the La Entrada Region, Honduras. Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, 12. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Berlin, Heinrich 1951 El Templo de las Inscripciones-VI-de Tikal. Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, 3(1):33-54. 338
Blom, Frans, and Oliver La Farge 1928 Tribes and Temples. New Orleans, LA: Tulane University. Bourdieu, Pierre 1973 Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction. In Knowledge, Education, and Social Change: Papers in the Sociology of Education. Richard Brown, ed. Pp. 71-112. London: Tavistock. 1977 Outline of A Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983 The Field of Cultural Production, or the Economic World Reversed. Poetics 12(4):311-356. 1993 The Field of Cultural Production. Great Britain: Columbia University Press. Braswell, Geoffrey E., and Michael D. Glascock n.d. The Obsidian Artifacts of Calakmul. Manuscript in possession of the author. Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1998 Multiple Identities of Aztec Craft Specialists. In Craft and Social Identity. C. L. Costin and R. P. Wright, eds. Pp. 145-152. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 8. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. Butler, Judith 1993 Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York: Routledge. Cann, J. R., J. E. Dixon, and C. Renfrew 1970 Obsidian Analysis and the Obsidian Trade. In Science in Archaeology. Don Brothwell and Eric Higgs, eds. Pp. 578-591. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Castellanos, Jeanette 1997 PN 4: Excavaciones en el Patio del Grupo Sur. In Proyecto Arqueológico Piedras Negras: Informe Preliminar No. 1, Primera Temporada, 1997. Héctor Escobedo and Stephen Houston, eds. Technical Report. Guatemala City: Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH). Chase, Allan F., And Diane Z. Chase 1992 Mesoamerican Elites: Assumptions, Definitions, and Models. In Mesoamerican Elites: An Archaeological Assessment. Allan F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase, eds. Pp. 3-17. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 339
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
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Acknowledgements Foremost, I thank
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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5.4.1.1.5: Large laurel leaf biface
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7.2.1: Hypothesis 1……………
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6.2: Examples of possible pressure-
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 4: Lithic Re
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the royal palace had more access to
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argued that most studies intended t
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The research presented here submits
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flakes of microcrystalline quartz,
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whereby data were recorded. The hyp
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ecause the debate actually concerns
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“technological-resource realm”
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and another chert production locale
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activities may in turn have given r
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Most of these studies are somewhat
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consequence of this perspective is
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study is but one more building bloc
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avoids the problem of how to charac
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and probably did, have multiple occ
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for them, but also the status of wh
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which represents nondiscursive prac
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ideology, hegemony, and similar con
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can overlap through religious and s
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the codification of belief implies
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[A] relatively autonomous and struc
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materialize” (2000:140; my emphas
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itualized production should not be
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commonplace (cf. Childs 1998). Ritu
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[R]ituals employed during manufactu
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Another Aztec example indicates tha
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period documents, charters other fo
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Although this passage describes a s
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materials, such as the central Pet
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emergent craft ideologies, and an o
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not to say that production, even ri
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Pennsylvania that yielded an import
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information from new excavations is
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interpretation, are mentioned on Ea
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e interpreted as being structurally
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of his father, if we can consider t
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Figure 3.1: Teotihuacan-style mount
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Figure 3.3: Column altar Cache R-5-
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the city. Since the ceramic chronol
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some residential groups feature mor
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from the seat of power by many diff
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microcrystalline quartzes were rese
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eceived these scores from moderate
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Figure 3.4: Two examples of hammers
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used, they probably had a lesser ex
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typology chapters of this study, bu
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degree to which lithic production w
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Furthermore, general patterns of pr
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previously (see Chapter 5). A typol
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and between nodules, which were sel
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of these materials are nodular flin
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eduction flakes found at the site (
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104
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Table 4.1 depicts the percentages b
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Table 4.2 depicts microcrystalline-
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from Ixtepeque, the opaque black co
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Table 4.3: Counts and percentages o
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Table 4.4: The total counts and wei
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Table 4.5 continued. 116
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122
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According to the three spatial grou
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4.2.2: Color and Quality of El Chay
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128
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quartz eccentrics from the two site
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systematic sourcing program for mic
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technological typology that focuses
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establishing chronologies, and also
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Aside from these speculative accoun
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combination of morphological and te
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Shafer and Hester (1983) also creat
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(in Rovner and Lewenstein 1997:23),
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primary technological trait, such a
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#1-Large Celt Biface, Thin Kidder 1
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#7-Large, Stemmed Biface Hester 198
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#20-Medium Circular Biface Rectangu
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#30-Small Stemmed Biface Ricketson
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typological variation also may stem
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This form is thoroughly described i
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Figure 5.3.2: Examples of thick cel
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Figure 5.4: A celtiform-biface frag
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describes the technology and morpho
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The working bit is produced by a si
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5.4.1.1.7: Large stemmed biface (se
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5.4.1.2: Medium-sized artifacts (8
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ased on proximal or medial fragment
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Figure 5.7: Medium-sized oval unifa
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medium-sized, laurel leaf unifaces
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leaf bifaces, which also can be par
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surface of a nodule reduction flake
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in some cases, be thoroughly chippe
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core such as is used in the Middle
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The small stemmed biface type also
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domestic archaeological record at P
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and northern Belize regions. During
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Figure 5.9: Microcrystalline-quartz
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Figure 5.10: Unifacially-worked lau
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they had the same meaning and value
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At Piedras Negras biface-reduction
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The goal of reduction would be to p
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5.6.3: Notching Flakes: Indirect Pe
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Figure 5.13: Evidence for the reduc
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5.6.7: Resharpening, Rejuvenation,
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CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGY OF OBSIDIAN ARTI
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Figure 6.1: Exhausted obsidian blad
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Exhausted cylindrical cores are fou
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Figure 6.2: Examples of possible pr
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216
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face of the core. Clark and Bryant
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Figure 6.5: Percussion flakes remov
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Figure 6.7: Distal rejuvenation bla
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section, and then were prepared and
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Figure 6.9: Obsidian eccentrics tha
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Figure 6.11: Second-series pressure
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lade-core platforms at Piedras Negr
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Figure 6.13.1: Platform rejuvenatio
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termination was used as a platform
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Figure 6.16: Crested blade from Pie
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Figure 6.18: Distal rejuvenation fl
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this technique is on transforming t
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6.3.2: Some Implications of Single-
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differentiation in others. This is
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Figure 6.22: Cores notched by press
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Figure 6.24: Completely-bifaced fla
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specific types of debitage, only re
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for cylindrical cores. The edges of
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The debitage from the production of
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is understood to be the site core.
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Figure 7.2: Map of the acropolis at
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Figure 7.3: Map of Piedras Negras d
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inhabited up to the Kumche phase, a
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264
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area of the city. PN23 also appears
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The third and final spatial groupin
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270
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historical connection to previous i
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any other residential group at Pied
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Phase Cutting Edge to Mass Ratio Av
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An analysis of CE:M ratios and blad
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Site Op Phase Artifact Type Modific
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number of different ways. According
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It is true, however, that the major
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Site Operation Phase Area Non- prod
Page 304 and 305: Obsidian-Eccentric Types Yaxche Cha
Page 306 and 307: obsidian eccentrics, a likely scena
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Page 310 and 311: anywhere from one to twenty years a
Page 312 and 313: Figure 7.11: Column altar Cache R-5
Page 314 and 315: etween the two samples of obsidian
Page 316 and 317: indicates they may have been associ
Page 318 and 319: Figure 7.15: Obsidian eccentrics in
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Page 322 and 323: although in a diminished quantity,
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Page 326 and 327: circumscribed, especially consideri
Page 328 and 329: Figures 7.20: Obsidian biface eccen
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Page 332 and 333: continued, although in a minor way
Page 334 and 335: Figure 7.24: Refit of flake and bif
Page 336 and 337: tomb (Burial 10) and the tomb of Ru
Page 338 and 339: ut some of them (N=34) were late-st
Page 340 and 341: 8.1: SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS CHAPTE
Page 342 and 343: obsidian technologies differed from
Page 344 and 345: organization at the end of the Yaxc
Page 346 and 347: The symbolic nature of chipped-ston
Page 348 and 349: previously unrecognized patterns of
Page 350 and 351: conversion of symbolic capital may
Page 352 and 353: cache name contains the name of the
Page 356 and 357: Child, Mark B. 1997 PN 18: Excavaci
Page 358 and 359: Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff 1
Page 360 and 361: Fedick, Scott 1991 Chert Tool Produ
Page 362 and 363: Golden, Charles 1998 PN 11: Excavac
Page 364 and 365: 1991 Maya Stone Tools: Selected Pap
Page 366 and 367: Hruby, Zachary X., Fred Nelson, and
Page 368 and 369: Kovacevich, Brigitte 2003 Ritual, C
Page 370 and 371: 1992a Resources, Specialization, an
Page 372 and 373: Nelson, Fred W, Jr. 1988 Trace Elem
Page 374 and 375: Rands, Robert, and Ronald Bishop 19
Page 376 and 377: Scholes, France V. and Ralph L. Roy
Page 378 and 379: Spielmann, Katherine A. 1998 Ritual
Page 380 and 381: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa’s Re
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