The contrastive hierarchy in phonology 2009 Dresher.pdf - CUNY ...

Trubetzkoy’s criteria, variation in place of /r/ indicates that [uvular] should not
be the defining characteristic of the phoneme.
Though he does not refer to Trubetzkoy’s discussion of French
consonants, Martinet is clearly following Trubetzkoy in distinguishing stops and
fricatives by place of articulation rather than by occlusion. Thus, occlusion is
redundant in Martinet’s analysis, though he gives no argument for choosing this
approach over one that makes it the relevant contrast, an alternative he does not
consider.
Martinet (1964: 65) represents some of these features and phonemes in
tabular form, shown in (3.26).
(3.26) French consonants (Martinet 1964)
‘bilabial’
‘labiodental’
‘apical’
‘hiss’
‘hush’
‘palatal'
‘voiceless’ p f t s S k
‘voiced’ b v d z Z g
‘nasal’ m n ¯
3.5. Jakobson and Lotz (1949): French contrasts based on continuousness
A paper on the Standard French phonemic pattern by Jakobson and Lotz was
published in a volume in honour of Henri Muller. The phonemes of Standard
French are analyzed into six features. Phonemes are assigned one of the
following values for each feature: +, if a phoneme has the feature contrastively; –,
j
‘dorso-velar’
96