The contrastive hierarchy in phonology 2009 Dresher.pdf - CUNY ...

capture co-occurrence restrictions on feature specifications. Some examples of
such rules are listed in (5.11).
(5.11) Implicational co-occurrence restrictions (Kean 1980: 29–30)
a. [–cons] ⊃ [+son]
b. [–cons] ⊃ [–ant]
c. [+low] ⊃ [–high]
d. [+lat] ⊃ [+cor]
Kean (1980: 30) proposes the principle in (5.12) to be part of the procedure
for specifying feature values.
(5.12) Specification of co-occurrence restrictions (Kean 1980: 30)
Whenever a segment is specified to be [α F], where F is a feature
and α is + or –, all implications whose antecedents are satisfied
apply to that segment.
5.2.4. Markedness and feature hierarchy
It is evident even from the few examples in (5.8) that the markedness
conventions are intrinsically ordered. The rule for [back] presupposes a value for
[anterior]; the rule for [low] presupposes [back] and [consonantal], [labial]
presupposes these two and [low], and [high] presupposes [labial], among others.
Kean has devised the markedness conventions so the features fall into a partially
ordered hierarchy, which she presents as in (5.13). In the diagram, StVC = stiff
vocal cords; SlVC = slack vocal cords; CG = constricted glottis; CP = constricted
pharynx; SG = spread glottis; and DR = delayed release.
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