The English flora - SeaweedAfrica

1'erruearia.] LICHENES. 151
proaching to V. olivacea, although the white crust unci broken appearance
of the older tubercles tolerably well distinguish it. From V. cinerea,
the latter character and the thicker shell and greater protuberance of
the apothecia, will keep it separate, without adverting to the difference
of crust. It very closely resembles V. gemma t a; but the tubercles do not
attain half the size usual in that species, although they seem liable to all
the same variations in figure, except perhaps that they never become
mammillated ; their shell also passes under the base of the nucleus,
which does not appear to be the case in V.gemmata." Borr,
10. V. niveo-dtra, Borr. (snowy-crusted Bark Verrucaria);
crust indeterminate thin rugose somewhat powdery white, apothecia
very minute orbicular half- immersed their apex naked
depressed rugose. Borr. in E. B)t. Suppl. t. 2637. f. 1.
On old timber, in the wall of a house at Bamber, and on Elms at
Portslade, Sussex, Mr. Borrer. Hengrave, Suffolk, Sir T. Gage.—ThU
differs in its crust from V, biformis. the tubercles of that plant are also
larger and of a different structure.
11. V. riidis, Borr. (rugged Bark Verrucarki); crust indeterminate
somewhat gelatinous thin continuous uneven with
granulations grey or blackish, apothecia very minute prominent
irregularly sphaerical very rugged dull black. Borr. in E. Bot.
Suppl t. 2637./ 2.
On boarded buildings and on rugged Oaks, Hurst-pierpoint and Albourne,
Sussex, and at Esher, Surrey, Mr.Borrer.— This obscure produc-
tion is known from V.n'iveo-atra by the colour and texture of its crust
and more dingy hue of its tubercles, as well as the more generally conspicuous
nucleus. It has some affinity with V. leucocephala in the structure
of the tubercle, the shell being thinner and apparently softer than
in the generality of the crustaceous Vcrrucaricc, and small imperfect
patches are so intermixed with all our specimens of V. rudu upon bark,
as almost to load to a suspicion that the two are not really distinct.
Vet the tubercles are not powdered, nor do they partlike at all of the
tendency to a cylindrical figure, so observable both in the denadated sjate
and in the more common appearance of V. leucocephala i and they differ
farther by their minute size, rugged surface and hardly discoverable
orifice; the nature of the crust too, seems dissimilar. To distinguish /'.
rudu in its palest state from V.biformis and V. olivacea, it is only neces-
Bary to advert to the more even crust and the larger anil more distinctly
perforated tubercles of both those species. Borr.
12. V. uphancs, Borr. (inconspicuous Bark
\'< rntanui ); crust
indeterminate very thin continuous minutely rugose olive, apo-
thecia very minute nearly globose covered with a pale olive
powder. Borr, in J\ lint. Suppl. t. 26 1
2,f. 1.
1'robablv not unfrequent, on old Elms, Henfield, Sussex, and near
Yarmouth.—This is rendered visible to the naked eye onh by a dull dark
olive tinge, so that it ma\ well have been passed over as the mere surface
of the bark. Different in appearance as arc the figures of these two species,
given in E, Bot, Suppl., ye\ Mr. Borrer observes that " the powder)
surface of the tubercl a of the present one Beems to indicate an
affinitl between this most inconspicuous little lichen and the following,
and the state of our knowledge of these obscure vegetables is bj do
in> stub as to warrant a positive assertion that
state of that species, in the coinpam oi which we have lutherlo found
it is not an infant