The English flora - SeaweedAfrica

Hoccella.] LICHEN ES. 2*21
/3. On rocks, Devonshire, Mr. Slater. On the ground and on trees at
Inverary.—To me the var. /3. appears to be an old and diseased state of
C.glaaca, from which the dark epidermis beneath has fallen away, and
with very old large and almost convex apothecia. The figures in E. Bot.
(from foreign specimens), are more finely laciniated than I have ever
seen the plant.
4. C. nivalis, Acli. (Snow Cdraria); thallus pale sulphurcoloured
orange at the base erect tufted nearly plane pitted and
reticulated laciniated, its segments multifid crisped crenato-den-
tate divaricated often warted at the points, apothecia pale fleshcoloured
their border crenulated Ach. Syn. p. 228. Lichen
nivalis, Linn.—E. Bot. t. 1994.
Summit of the more elevated northern mountains of Scotland ; particularly
abundant on the Cairngorm range.— Its flesh-coloured apothe-
cia, with a wrinkled and crenulated border, have never been found in
Britain.
—
5. C. Isldndica, Ach. (Iceland Cetraria); thallus erect tufted
olive-brown paler on one side, laciniated channelled and dentatociliate
the fertile lacinia very broad, apotheciabrown appressedrlat
with an elevated border Ach. Syn. p. 229. Lichen Islandi-
cus, Linn.—E. Bot. t. 1330. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 265.
On the ground, in exposed situations on the mountains of the north,
generally sparingly. Particularly abundant and bearing apothecia copiously
on Ben-na-bord in Aberdeenshire, Dr. Grevd/e, Air. Arnott and
Hooker.—Very variable in size and ramification and somewhat in the
colour. Professor Graham was perhaps the first Botanist in Britain
who gathered its fructification. He met with it in Aug. 1821, (a single
specimen) near the top of a mountain called Morne, immediately to the
westward of Castleton in Braemar. Although the plant is abundant in
certain districts of Scotland, it has never with us been collected as an
article of commerce. A considerable proportion of what comes to our
shops, where it is in great request as a medicine in coughs, consumptions,
&c., is procured from Norway or from Iceland. Immense quantities
are gathered in the latter country, not only for sale, but for their
own use as an article of common food. The bitter and purgative
quality being extracted by steeping in water, the Lichen i> dried, reduced
to powder, and made into a cake, or boiled and eaten with milk, and
eaten with thankfulness, too, In the poor natives, who confess " that
a bountiful Providence sends them bread out of the very stOffl
27. Hot (
—
m,la. Ach. Boeceila.
Tfiallui coriaceo-cartilaginoiis, rounded or plane, branched or
laciniated. Apothecia orbicular, adnate with the thaUus; the
dish coloured, plano-convex, with a border at length thickened
and elevated, formed of the tlndlits and eo\ eiiu^ a SubleiH iforin,
black, compact, pulverulent powder, concealed within the sub-
stance of the thallu».— Name, SUDpOSed t « » be derived from the
family of the person who discovered it^ valuable propertiei m
a dye.
1. \\. tinctoria, De ('ami. ( uyer*i Hoccella, Hock-moss, or Ar-
chill); thallu-* suffruticose rounded branched somewhat erect
—