The English flora - SeaweedAfrica

172 LICHENES. [Urceolaria.
—Name ; urceolus, a little pitcher ; from tiie hollowed form of
the apothecia, which, taken in conjunction with the elevated
border formed of the crust itself, constitutes the essential
character of this genus.
1. U. scruposa, Ach. (common Urceolaria?); crust greyishwhite
rugose granulated, apothecia with the disk deeply immersed
concave black the border very thick incurved crenated.
Ach. Syn. p. 143. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 75. n. 132.—Lichen
scruposus, Dicks.—E. Bot. t. 266.— Gyalecta bryophila, Ach.
Syn. p. 10.—Bill. Muse. *. 18./ 15. B.
On heaths, walls and rocks.
2. U. gibbosa, Ach. (gibbous-fruited Urceolaria); crust smokybrown
formed of minute tessellated warts with a radiated
marginal fringe, apothecia immersed in each wart concave
blackish with an undivided elevated pale border. Sm—Ach.
Syn. p. 139.— U. jimbriata, Ach. Meth.— Lichen Jibrosus,
E. Bot. t. 1739.
On flints upon the South-downs, Sussex, Mr. Borrer. Common on
flinty pebbles, Mr. Soiverby.—Mr. Schaerar refers this plant of E. Bot.
and the U.fimbriata, Ach. without any doubt to U. senqoosa.
3. U. calcarea, Ach. (calcareous Urceolaria); crust indeterminate
greenish ash-coloured cracked and tessellated, apothecia
immersed in the raised centre of the areolae nearly flat brownish
with an undivided elevated pale powdery border. Sm.—Ach.
Syn. p. 143, (var. (3.).—Lichen Hoffmanni, E. Bot. t. 1940.
— Urceolaria Hoffmanni, Ach. Meth.— Lichen cinereus, E. Bot.
t. 820, (L. multipunctatus, under t. 1751,) excl. the Syn.
On rocks, stones and walls, in many places.—The L. cinereus, E. Bot.
t. 820, can surely not be distinguished from the U. calcarea. Smith afterwards
referred it to the Verrucaria multipunctata, Hoffm. : but that
Acharius adduces as a synonym to Lecidea albo-ccentlescens. Indeed it
may be said of this, and the following Urceolarics, that they have an
equally strong claim to rank with Lecidea; or, if a slightly raised border
of the crust be considered to belong to the apothecia, to Lecanora.
In all, the apothecia are nearly level with the crust.
4. U. cinerea, Ach. (grey Urceolaria); crust grey rugged
and cracked with a broad greenish undulated border, apothecia
immersed solitary or clustered slightly concave black with an
elevated entire border of the substance of the crust. S?n.—Ach.
Syn. p. 240. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 70. n. 125— 129 Lichen
cinereus, E. Bot. t. 1751.
Abundant on loose exposed flints, in Sussex, Mr. Borrer.— I scarcely,
myself, see how this is distinguishable from U. calcarea: though
Sir J. E. Smith says it is nearly allied to U. gibbosa.
5. U. Achdrii, Ach. (Acharian Urceolaria); crust somewhat
determinate smooth a little cracked pale brick-colour, apothecia
sunk in the crust reddish, the border tumid. Ach. Syn. p. 137.
—Lichen Acharii, Wahl. Lapp. p. 405. E. Bot. t. 1087 (3.
cyrtaspis, rugged greyish* white with a very narrow black edge,
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