Recasting Citizenship for Development - File UPI

168 DEEPAK K. MISHRA AND VANDANA UPADHYAY
The chapter is organised as follows. After a brief introduction to the
salient features of the development experience in Arunachal Pradesh, we
have discussed the emerging gender relations in this predominantly tribal
state on the basis of a few indicators. The next section presents manifestations
of the crises in governance, after which the implications of these
processes for women have been discussed. Concluding observations are
in the final section.
THE DIFFICULT TRANSITION: ASPECTS OF THE
POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT
Given the historical legacy of relative isolation and underdevelopment,
the progress made by Arunachal Pradesh on the economic front in a comparatively
short span of a few decades is quite impressive. During the entire
period of 1971–2001, for which data is available, the Net State Domestic
Product (NSDP) has registered an average annual growth rate of 7.34 per
cent per annum. Although the growth rate was much higher in the 1970s
(7.07 per cent) and 1980s (7.81 per cent) than it was in the 1990s (4.54 per
cent), given the low levels of initial development, difficult ecological preconditions
and geo-political constraints of being a border state, the development
of the economy may seem satisfactory in overall terms (Upadhyay
and Mishra 2005).
The structural transformation of the Arunachal economy is manifested
through an increasing diversification of the workforce, emergence of a
modern non-farm economy, rapid urbanisation and gradual integration
with the regional and national economy. However, it is important to note
that in the last three decades, the contribution of manufacturing has never
exceeded 7 per cent of the state’s income. The share of the secondary sector
has gone up from around 20 per cent in 1970–71 to only 23.65 per cent
in 2001–02, while that of the tertiary sector has increased substantially
during the same period from 20.48 per cent in 1970–71 to 41.68 per cent
in 2001–02. The share of the primary sector has decreased from around
60 to 35 per cent during the same period. The key aspect of the changing
sectoral composition of the state lies in the fact that the expansion of the
service sector has been almost entirely driven by government-sector
activities. Public administration alone contributed around 14 per cent of
the NSDP of the state in 2001–02 (GoAP 2006).