The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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109 shrubs, particularly where black-lipped pikas are abundant. The diet of the Tibetan Fox consists primarily of pikas and small rodents. They may also scavenge from kills by other species such as the grey wolf and have been known to follow Brown Bears digging up pikas. The gestation period of this species is 50 to 60 days producing litters of two to five young. Conservation Status Global: Least Concern National: Data Deficient Rationale for assessment: There is insufficient information available to make an accurate assessment of the extinction risk of this species in Nepal. Legal Status National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973). This species occurs within protected areas. National Distribution The Tibetan Fox has a small distribution in the Trans-Himalayan region of Nepal along the north 71) Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Names Red Fox (English); Rato phyauro (Nepali) Species Description Variable in colour, but usually reddish-ginger coat with white undersides and throat. Black tipped ears and black patches on the back of the ears. Legs are dark brown to black in colour. Species Ecology The Red Fox is a highly adaptable species found in a variety of habitats including urban areas where it lives easily alongside humans. Red Foxes are adaptable and opportunistic omnivores, with a diet ranging from invertebrates (for example earthworms and beetles) to mammals and birds, and fruit. Sexual maturity is reached at nine to ten months and females produce a single litter per year after a west border neighbouring Tibet, including the protected areas of Shey-Phoksundo National Park and the Annapurna Conservation Area and district of Upper Mustang. Distribution outside Nepal China, India. Main Threats • Poaching for fur. • Persecution. • Habitat loss and alteration. • Reduction of natural prey base. References Ginsberg and Macdonald 1990, Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004, Clark et al. 2008, Baral and Shah 2008, Liu et al. 2009, Nepal Red List of Mammals Field Technicians Workshop 2010.
gestation period of 49 to 55 days. Litter size varies in response to food availability. Conservation Status Global: Least Concern National: Data Deficient Rationale for assessment: There is insufficient information available to make an accurate assessment of the extinction risk of this species in Nepal. Legal Status National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973). This species occurs within protected areas. National Population Size This species is not considered common and is estimated to be in decline. National Distribution This species occurs across the mid-hills and higher elevations of Nepal, including within the protected areas of Annapurna Conservation Area, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Khaptad National Park, Langtang National Park, Makalu Barun National Park, Manaslu Conservation Area, Rara National Park, Shey Phoksundo National Park. The species was observed in the Manang and Mustang area of the Annapurna Conservation Area in the 1980s. Distribution outside Nepal Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Faro Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Main Threats • Poaching for fur. • Persecution. • Human-wildlife conflict. References Sillero-Zubiri 2004 (and references therein), Baral and Shah 2008, Nepal Red List of Mammals Field Technicians Workshop 2010. 110
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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Preface It is with great pleasure t
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Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
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viii
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eing the predominant practice. The
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Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
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Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the
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Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
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Bat species make up almost a quarte
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increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
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Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
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Legal Status This includes both int
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UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
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Conservation Measures in Place None
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References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
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is so small that it has been deemed
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7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
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months. Asian Elephants can live up
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May to September, after a gestation
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National Distribution This species
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isk to the species including foot-a
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13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
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Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
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Although estimates of Kiang numbers
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• Habitat loss and degradation du
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have been observed to migrate to hi
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LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
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Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
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Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
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including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
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Page 67 and 68: CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
Page 69 and 70: Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Page 71 and 72: References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
Page 73 and 74: 32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
Page 75 and 76: effect from populations in India is
Page 77 and 78: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 79 and 80: 36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
Page 81 and 82: gated threats, namely poaching for
Page 83 and 84: National Distribution Royal Bengal
Page 85 and 86: Conservation Measures in Place Gove
Page 87 and 88: 41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
Page 89 and 90: Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
Page 91 and 92: i) Conduct research using direct an
Page 93 and 94: 45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
Page 95 and 96: spanning the country. Although the
Page 97 and 98: NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
Page 99 and 100: species is omnivorous and feeds on
Page 101 and 102: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 103 and 104: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 105 and 106: Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
Page 107 and 108: References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 109 and 110: DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
Page 111 and 112: 62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
Page 113 and 114: information available to make an ac
Page 115 and 116: 67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
Page 117: maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
Page 121 and 122: PRIMATES 112
Page 123 and 124: National Distribution The Assam Mac
Page 125 and 126: to that of S. enetellus, which has
Page 127 and 128: Conservation Status Global: Endange
Page 129 and 130: SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
Page 131 and 132: References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
Page 133 and 134: occurs in neighbouring countries, i
Page 135 and 136: (15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
Page 137 and 138: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 139 and 140: National: Least Concern Rationale f
Page 141 and 142: tolerance of a broad range of habit
Page 143 and 144: 89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
Page 145 and 146: 91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
Page 147 and 148: Species Description Red-brown roden
Page 149 and 150: Rationale for assessment: This spec
Page 151 and 152: References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 153 and 154: (Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
Page 155 and 156: Species Description Fur usually his
Page 157 and 158: the National Parks). Distribution o
Page 159 and 160: 107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
Page 161 and 162: 109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
Page 163 and 164: Species Description A medium-sized
Page 165 and 166: murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
Page 167 and 168: Least Concern in view of its wide d
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118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
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Legal Status National Parks and Wil
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Species Description Grey body above
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126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
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129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
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131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
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cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
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Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
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139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
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occurring in high alpine deserts an
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National Park, Rara National Park a
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species is lacking a median dorsal
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149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
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152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
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154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
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BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
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Conservation Status Global: Least C
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160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
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162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
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LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
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References Suwal and Verheught 1995
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168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
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References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
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172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
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174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
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176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
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178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
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References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
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182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
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184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
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186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
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References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
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193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
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dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
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198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
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above the projecting basal lobule.
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Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
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205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
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Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
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242
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Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
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Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
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Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
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Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
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Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
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Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
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256
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Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
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Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
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Appendix II Summary of the five cri
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Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
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Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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