The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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191 CRITICALLY ENDANGERED 156) Ia io (Thomas, 1902) Common Names Great Evening Bat (English); Aiya Aayo Chamero (Nepali) Synonyms Ia longimana (Pen, 1962); Pipistrellus io (Thomas, 1902) Species Description One of the biggest and rarest vespertilionids (evening bats) of the world. Resembles a large serotine but has rounded pinna which are about equal in length and breadth. Wing membranes are black throughout and it’s tail is longer, extending aproximately 6mm from the inter-femoral membrane. It’s coat is a uniform brown-grey. Species Ecology The Great Evening Bat is associated with tropical moist forests, where it is exclusively a cave-roosting species. The bats leave their roost in the evening before twilight and feed mainly on beetles, but also include moths, butterflies, bugs and crickets in their diet. Little is known about the reproductive parameters of this species. Conservation Status Global: Least Concern National: Critically Endangered B1ab(i,ii) Rationale for assessment: The Great Evening Bat (Ia io) has been nationally assessed as Critically Endangered under criterion B in view of its occurrence at a single location with a small extent of occurrence suspected to be less than 100 km 2 . Recent research revealed that the species has disappeared from previous areas of occupation. There are no conservation measures in place for bat species in Nepal and declines in numbers continue to be caused by human disturbance and persecution, habitat loss and degradation. Legal Status National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973). National Population Size The largest recorded population in Nepal consists of approximately 100 individuals. A single colony of around 30 individuals was reported in 1995, but most other sightings are of individuals only. National Distribution Bimalnagar in Tanahun district. Distribution outside Nepal China, India, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam. Main Threats • Habitat loss and degradation due to habitat alteration outside of protected areas, deforestation and removal of dead trees in urban areas. • Disturbance of roosting sites by humans due to direct persecution, fire and use of caves for shelter.
Conservation Measures in Place None. Conservation Recommendations i) Conduct surveys in current known location and areas of suitable habitat using bat detector technology, direct observations and indirect sign surveys, applying standard protocols to establish occupancy and abundance of this species. ii) Implement education and awareness programmes engaging local communities to monitor population and stop persecution and reduce disturbances. iii) Develop and implement management plan for key habitats. iv) Develop and implement species/taxa action plan. References Bates and Harrison 1997, Csorba et al. 1999, Hutson et al. 2001, Thabah et al. 2007, Csorba et al. 2008. 157) Myotis csorbai (Topál, 1997) Common names Csorba’s Mouse-eared Bat (English); Nepali Chamero (Nepali) Species Description Dense, soft, woolly pelage, with hairs longer on the back than the belly. The dorsal coat colour is a dark brown whilst the ventral is paler and grey in colouration. Forehead and muzzle (except nostrils) covered by hairs. Small ears, which are dark brown-black with evenly convex anterior borders and pointed tips. Species Ecology Csorba’s Mouse-eared Bat roosts in caves surrounded by subtropical secondary forests and is an insectivorous species. Little is known about the reproductive behaviour of this species. Conservation Status Global: Data Deficient National: Critically Endangered B1ab(v) Rationale for assessment: Csorba’s Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis csorbai) has been nationally assessed as Critically Endangered under criterion B. This species is endemic to Nepal and although it has been recorded from two sites, the close proximity of these sites means they are considered as a single location for this assessment. Although no population estimates are available, the population size is considered small and is suspected to be in decline based on observations. The area occupied is vulnerable to degradation and anthropogenic impacts, putting this species at great risk from human disturbance. Because the threats have not yet been effectively addressed, it is predicted that this species will suffer further population and range declines. Legal Status National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973). National Population Size There is no information available on the population size of this species in Nepal, however it is suspected to be in decline. 192
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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Preface It is with great pleasure t
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Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
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viii
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eing the predominant practice. The
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Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
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Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the
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Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
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Bat species make up almost a quarte
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increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
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Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
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Legal Status This includes both int
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UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
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Conservation Measures in Place None
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References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
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is so small that it has been deemed
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7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
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months. Asian Elephants can live up
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May to September, after a gestation
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National Distribution This species
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isk to the species including foot-a
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13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
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Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
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Although estimates of Kiang numbers
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• Habitat loss and degradation du
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have been observed to migrate to hi
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LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
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Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
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Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
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including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
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National Distribution This species
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CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
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Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
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References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
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32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
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effect from populations in India is
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Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
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36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
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gated threats, namely poaching for
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National Distribution Royal Bengal
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Conservation Measures in Place Gove
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41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
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Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
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i) Conduct research using direct an
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45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
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spanning the country. Although the
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NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
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species is omnivorous and feeds on
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Conservation Status Global: Least C
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Conservation Status Global: Least C
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Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
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References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
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DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
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62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
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information available to make an ac
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67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
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maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
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gestation period of 49 to 55 days.
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PRIMATES 112
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National Distribution The Assam Mac
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to that of S. enetellus, which has
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Conservation Status Global: Endange
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SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
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References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
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occurs in neighbouring countries, i
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(15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
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National: Least Concern Rationale f
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tolerance of a broad range of habit
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89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
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91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
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Species Description Red-brown roden
Page 149 and 150: Rationale for assessment: This spec
Page 151 and 152: References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 153 and 154: (Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
Page 155 and 156: Species Description Fur usually his
Page 157 and 158: the National Parks). Distribution o
Page 159 and 160: 107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
Page 161 and 162: 109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
Page 163 and 164: Species Description A medium-sized
Page 165 and 166: murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
Page 167 and 168: Least Concern in view of its wide d
Page 169 and 170: 118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
Page 171 and 172: Legal Status National Parks and Wil
Page 173 and 174: Species Description Grey body above
Page 175 and 176: 126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
Page 177 and 178: 129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
Page 179 and 180: 131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
Page 181 and 182: cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
Page 183 and 184: Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
Page 185 and 186: 139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
Page 187 and 188: occurring in high alpine deserts an
Page 189 and 190: National Park, Rara National Park a
Page 191 and 192: species is lacking a median dorsal
Page 193 and 194: 149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
Page 195 and 196: 152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Page 197 and 198: 154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
Page 199: BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
Page 203 and 204: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 205 and 206: 160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
Page 207 and 208: 162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
Page 209 and 210: LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
Page 211 and 212: References Suwal and Verheught 1995
Page 213 and 214: 168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
Page 215 and 216: References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
Page 217 and 218: 172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
Page 219 and 220: 174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
Page 221 and 222: 176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
Page 223 and 224: 178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
Page 227 and 228: 182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
Page 229 and 230: 184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
Page 231 and 232: 186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
Page 235 and 236: National Distribution This species
Page 237 and 238: 193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
Page 239 and 240: dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
Page 241 and 242: 198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
Page 243 and 244: above the projecting basal lobule.
Page 245 and 246: Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Page 247 and 248: 205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
Page 249 and 250: Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
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242
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Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
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Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
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Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
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Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
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Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
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Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
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256
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Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
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Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
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Appendix II Summary of the five cri
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Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
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Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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