The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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89 Solukhumbu, Manang and Sankhuwasabha including within the protected areas of Annapurna Conservation Area, Makalu Barun National Park, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Rara National Park, Bardia National Park, Ghodaghodi Lake Area. Distribution outside Nepal Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, 49) Viverra zibetha (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Names Large Indian Civet (English); Zik, Thulo Nir Biralo, Sili (Nepali) Synonyms Viverra tainguensis (Sokolov, Rozhnov and Pham Chong, 1997) Species Description Grey coloured coat with distinctive black markings. Black spots on the flanks, dark limbs and a black and white banded tail. Dark dorsal crest running from shoulder to tail, throat and upper chest are black. The bands on the tail are normally broader and fewer in number than the Small Indian Civet. Short legs. Species Ecology The Large Indian Civet occurs in riverine and Sal forests, scrub jungle, near human settlements, grasslands and in thick bushes and trees. This Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan Province of China, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam. Main Threats • Habitat loss, degradation (due to pollution/pesticides or over-exploitation) and fragmentation. • Decrease of prey species due to competition with fishermen. • Poaching for fur and illegal trade. • Accidental mortality due to entanglement in fishing gear. • Persecution as a pest species. • Construction of dams. References Erlinge 1969, Prater 1971, Webb 1975, Adrian and Delibes 1987, Reuther 1991, Skaren 1993, Acharya and Gurung 1994, Suwal and Verheugt 1995, Ruiz-Olmo and Palazon 1997, Conroy et al. 1998, Kafle 2009.
species is omnivorous and feeds on fruits, birds, bird eggs and poultry. The Large Indian Civet produces litters on average of two young and can live up to 20 years. Conservation Status Global: Near Threatened National: Near Threatened Rationale for assessment: The Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha) is considered Near Threatened. Despite having a wide distribution, the population of this species is not abundant and due to poaching of civets for their glands it is likely that the population may be in decline, although perhaps not yet at a rate to qualify for a threatened category. It may qualify for Vulnerable under category C but further information on the population status is required. Legal Status National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973). This species occurs within protected areas. LEAST CONCERN 50) Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Names Golden Jackal (English); Syal (Nepali) National Population Size Total: 5,000 (estimated) This species is estimated to have a population of approximately 5,000 individuals. National Distribution The Large Indian Civet occurs across most of Nepal (except in the high mountains and Trans-Himalayan area) and within the protected areas of Annapurna Conservation Area, Bardia National Park, Chitwan National Park, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Khaptad National Park, Makalu Barun National Park, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Sagarmatha National Park and Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve. Distribution outside Nepal Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam. Main Threats • Habitat loss due to human disturbances and settlements, conversion of land for agriculture, clearing for livestock grazing. • Poaching for trade in body parts. • Persecution as a pest species. References Suwal and Verheugt 1995, Ernst 2003, Baral and Shah 2008, Nepal Red List of Mammals Field Technician Workshop 2010. Species Description Grey-brown coloured coat fading into sandy coloured legs, bushy tail and large ears. Throat and area around the eyes and lips are white. Species Ecology The Golden Jackal is a very versatile species occurring mainly in open country and near human settlements, feeding mainly on carcasses, chickens, wild birds and small mammals. Breeding occurs mainly in February to March with females giving birth to a litter of between two and five young after a gestation period of 63 days. Conservation Status Global: Least Concern National: Least Concern 90
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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Preface It is with great pleasure t
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Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
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viii
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eing the predominant practice. The
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Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
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Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the
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Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
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Bat species make up almost a quarte
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increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
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Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
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Legal Status This includes both int
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UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
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Conservation Measures in Place None
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References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
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is so small that it has been deemed
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7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
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months. Asian Elephants can live up
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May to September, after a gestation
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National Distribution This species
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isk to the species including foot-a
Page 47 and 48: 13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
Page 49 and 50: Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
Page 51 and 52: Although estimates of Kiang numbers
Page 53 and 54: • Habitat loss and degradation du
Page 55 and 56: have been observed to migrate to hi
Page 57 and 58: LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
Page 59 and 60: Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
Page 61 and 62: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 63 and 64: including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
Page 65 and 66: National Distribution This species
Page 67 and 68: CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
Page 69 and 70: Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Page 71 and 72: References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
Page 73 and 74: 32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
Page 75 and 76: effect from populations in India is
Page 77 and 78: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 79 and 80: 36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
Page 81 and 82: gated threats, namely poaching for
Page 83 and 84: National Distribution Royal Bengal
Page 85 and 86: Conservation Measures in Place Gove
Page 87 and 88: 41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
Page 89 and 90: Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
Page 91 and 92: i) Conduct research using direct an
Page 93 and 94: 45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
Page 95 and 96: spanning the country. Although the
Page 97: NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
Page 101 and 102: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 103 and 104: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 105 and 106: Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
Page 107 and 108: References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 109 and 110: DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
Page 111 and 112: 62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
Page 113 and 114: information available to make an ac
Page 115 and 116: 67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
Page 117 and 118: maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
Page 119 and 120: gestation period of 49 to 55 days.
Page 121 and 122: PRIMATES 112
Page 123 and 124: National Distribution The Assam Mac
Page 125 and 126: to that of S. enetellus, which has
Page 127 and 128: Conservation Status Global: Endange
Page 129 and 130: SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
Page 131 and 132: References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
Page 133 and 134: occurs in neighbouring countries, i
Page 135 and 136: (15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
Page 137 and 138: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 139 and 140: National: Least Concern Rationale f
Page 141 and 142: tolerance of a broad range of habit
Page 143 and 144: 89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
Page 145 and 146: 91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
Page 147 and 148: Species Description Red-brown roden
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Rationale for assessment: This spec
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References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
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(Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
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Species Description Fur usually his
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the National Parks). Distribution o
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107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
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109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
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Species Description A medium-sized
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murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
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Least Concern in view of its wide d
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118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
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Legal Status National Parks and Wil
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Species Description Grey body above
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126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
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129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
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131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
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cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
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Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
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139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
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occurring in high alpine deserts an
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National Park, Rara National Park a
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species is lacking a median dorsal
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149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
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152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
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154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
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BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
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Conservation Status Global: Least C
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160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
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162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
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LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
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References Suwal and Verheught 1995
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168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
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References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
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172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
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174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
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176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
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178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
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182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
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184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
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186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
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National Distribution This species
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193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
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dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
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198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
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above the projecting basal lobule.
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Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
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205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
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Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
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242
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Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
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Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
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Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
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Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
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Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
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Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
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256
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Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
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Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
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Appendix II Summary of the five cri
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Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
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Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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