The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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05 Protected Mammal Species of Nepal The National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973) lays the foundation for wildlife conservation. It provides various degree of protection to wildlife based on the national status of the species. Some species have been allocated a higher level of protection: twenty six mammals, nine birds and three reptile species have been fully protected under the Act. Therefore, the illegal killing of these species incurs those responsible with fines, imprisonment or both. For example, the punishment for poaching a tiger is NRs. 50,000-100,000 fine and/or five to 15 years imprisonment. Listed in Table 1 are the 27 mammal species in Nepal which have been allocated a higher protection status. This list is currently under revision and it is likely that many more species will be added. Although not included here, the protected species list also includes birds, herpetofauna, insects and plants. To access the full list please visit: www.dnpwc.gov.np/pro-species Table 1: Protected mammal species list under the NPWC Act 2029. Scientific Name English Name Nepali Name Macaca assamensis Assam Macaque Asami Rato Bandar Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pangolin Kalo Salak Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Tame Salak Caprolagus hispidus Hispid Hare LaghukarnaKkharayo Canis lupus Grey Wolf Bwanso Ursus arctos Brown Bear Himali rato Bhalu Ailurus fulgens Red Panda Habre Prionodon pardicolor Spotted Linsang Silu Biralo Felis bengalensis Leopard Cat Chari Bagh Felis lynx Lynx Pahan Biralo Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard Dwanse Chituwa Panthera tigris Tiger Pate Bagh Panthera uncia Snow Leopard Hiun Chituwa Elephas maximus Asian Elephant Hatti Rhinoceros unicornis Greater One-horned Rhino Gainda Sus salvanius Pygmy Hog Pudke Bandel Moschus moschiferos** Musk Deer Kasturi Mirga Cervus duvauceli Swamp Deer Bahrasingha Bos gaurus Gaur Gauri Gai Bos grunniens Wild Yak Chauri Gai Bubalus arnee Wild Water Buffalo Arna Ovis ammon Great Tibetan Sheep Nayan Pantholops hodgsoni Tibetan Antelope Chiru Antilope cervicapra Blackbuck Krishnasar Tetraceros quadricornis Four-horned Antelope Chauka Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Hundar Platanista gangetica Ganges River Dolphin Shons ** Taxonomic update suggests that Nepal does not have this species (see species account)
Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the 208 known species of mammal in Nepal, one is considered Regionally Extinct, eight are considered Critically Endangered, twenty-six are considered Endangered, fourteen are considered Vulnerable and seven are considered Near Threatened (Table 2). Table 2: Mammals nationally assessed as Regionally Extinct (RE), Threatened (Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU)), and Near Threatened (NT). Pygmy Hog Porcula salvania RE CR EN VU NT Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra Brown Bear Ursus arctos Csorba’s Mouse-eared Myotis Myotis csorbai Great Evening Bat la io Grey Wolf Canis lupus Indian Chevrotain Moschiola indica Ganges River Dolphin Platanista gangetica Tibetan Gazelle Procapra picticaudata Alpine Musk Deer Moschus chrysogaster Asian Elephant Elephas maximus Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolour Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa Dhole Cuon alpinus Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Greater One-horned Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis Harlequin Bat Scotomanes ornatus Himalayan Black Bear Ursus thibetanus Himalayan Field Mouse Apodemus gurkha Himalayan Pika Ochotona himalayana Himalayan water Shrew Chimarrogale himalayica Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus Hog Deer Axis porcinus Assam Macaque Macaca assamensis Axis Deer Axis axis Barking Deer Muntiacus vaginalis Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis Common Leopard Panthera pardus Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva Gaur Bos gaurus Kiang Equus kiang Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis Lynx Lynx lynx Mandelli’s Mouse-eared Bat Myotis sicarius Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus Sambar Rusa unicolor Short-winged Pipistrelle Philetor brachypterus Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros pomona Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus lepidus Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra Goral Naemorhedus goral Himalayan Tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha Tibetan Tube-nosed Bat Murina aurata 06
Page 1 and 2: The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
Page 3 and 4: The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
Page 5 and 6: Preface It is with great pleasure t
Page 7 and 8: Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
Page 9 and 10: viii
Page 11 and 12: eing the predominant practice. The
Page 13: Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
Page 17 and 18: Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
Page 19 and 20: Bat species make up almost a quarte
Page 21 and 22: increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
Page 23 and 24: Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
Page 25 and 26: Legal Status This includes both int
Page 27 and 28: UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
Page 29 and 30: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 31 and 32: References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
Page 33 and 34: is so small that it has been deemed
Page 35 and 36: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 37 and 38: 7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
Page 39 and 40: months. Asian Elephants can live up
Page 41 and 42: May to September, after a gestation
Page 43 and 44: National Distribution This species
Page 45 and 46: isk to the species including foot-a
Page 47 and 48: 13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
Page 49 and 50: Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
Page 51 and 52: Although estimates of Kiang numbers
Page 53 and 54: • Habitat loss and degradation du
Page 55 and 56: have been observed to migrate to hi
Page 57 and 58: LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
Page 59 and 60: Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
Page 61 and 62: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 63 and 64: including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
Page 65 and 66:
National Distribution This species
Page 67 and 68:
CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
Page 69 and 70:
Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Page 71 and 72:
References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
Page 73 and 74:
32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
Page 75 and 76:
effect from populations in India is
Page 77 and 78:
Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 79 and 80:
36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
Page 81 and 82:
gated threats, namely poaching for
Page 83 and 84:
National Distribution Royal Bengal
Page 85 and 86:
Conservation Measures in Place Gove
Page 87 and 88:
41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
Page 89 and 90:
Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
Page 91 and 92:
i) Conduct research using direct an
Page 93 and 94:
45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
Page 95 and 96:
spanning the country. Although the
Page 97 and 98:
NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
Page 99 and 100:
species is omnivorous and feeds on
Page 101 and 102:
Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
Page 107 and 108:
References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 109 and 110:
DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
Page 111 and 112:
62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
Page 113 and 114:
information available to make an ac
Page 115 and 116:
67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
Page 117 and 118:
maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
Page 119 and 120:
gestation period of 49 to 55 days.
Page 121 and 122:
PRIMATES 112
Page 123 and 124:
National Distribution The Assam Mac
Page 125 and 126:
to that of S. enetellus, which has
Page 127 and 128:
Conservation Status Global: Endange
Page 129 and 130:
SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
Page 131 and 132:
References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
Page 133 and 134:
occurs in neighbouring countries, i
Page 135 and 136:
(15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
Page 137 and 138:
Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 139 and 140:
National: Least Concern Rationale f
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tolerance of a broad range of habit
Page 143 and 144:
89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
Page 145 and 146:
91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
Page 147 and 148:
Species Description Red-brown roden
Page 149 and 150:
Rationale for assessment: This spec
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
(Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
Page 155 and 156:
Species Description Fur usually his
Page 157 and 158:
the National Parks). Distribution o
Page 159 and 160:
107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
Page 161 and 162:
109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
Page 163 and 164:
Species Description A medium-sized
Page 165 and 166:
murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
Page 167 and 168:
Least Concern in view of its wide d
Page 169 and 170:
118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
Page 171 and 172:
Legal Status National Parks and Wil
Page 173 and 174:
Species Description Grey body above
Page 175 and 176:
126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
Page 177 and 178:
129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
Page 179 and 180:
131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
Page 181 and 182:
cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
Page 183 and 184:
Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
Page 185 and 186:
139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
Page 187 and 188:
occurring in high alpine deserts an
Page 189 and 190:
National Park, Rara National Park a
Page 191 and 192:
species is lacking a median dorsal
Page 193 and 194:
149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
Page 195 and 196:
152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Page 197 and 198:
154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
Page 199 and 200:
BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
Page 201 and 202:
Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
Page 207 and 208:
162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
Page 209 and 210:
LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
Page 211 and 212:
References Suwal and Verheught 1995
Page 213 and 214:
168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
Page 215 and 216:
References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
Page 217 and 218:
172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
Page 219 and 220:
174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
Page 221 and 222:
176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
Page 223 and 224:
178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
Page 229 and 230:
184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
Page 231 and 232:
186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
National Distribution This species
Page 237 and 238:
193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
Page 239 and 240:
dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
Page 241 and 242:
198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
Page 243 and 244:
above the projecting basal lobule.
Page 245 and 246:
Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Page 247 and 248:
205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
Page 249 and 250:
Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
Page 251 and 252:
242
Page 253 and 254:
Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
Page 255 and 256:
Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
Page 257 and 258:
Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
Page 259 and 260:
Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
Page 261 and 262:
Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
Page 263 and 264:
Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
Page 265 and 266:
256
Page 267 and 268:
Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
Page 269 and 270:
Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
Page 271 and 272:
Appendix II Summary of the five cri
Page 273 and 274:
Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
Page 275:
Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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