The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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53 References Suwal and Verheugt 1995, Baral and Shah 2008, Xie and Smith 2008. 25) Moschus leucogaster (Hodgson, 1839) A recent taxonomic split makes ascertaining which species of musk deer previous studies refer to difficult, as musk deers were previously thought to be all one species: Moschus chrysogaster. Common Names Himalayan Musk Deer (English); Setokanthe Kasturi (Nepali) Synonyms Moschus chrysogaster ssp. leucogaster (Hodgson, 1839) Species Description Brown with thick bristly coat. These are small deer without antlers and with notably longer and more robust hind legs than front legs. This species has a white throat. Males have small tusks which are used during fighting. Species Ecology The Himalayan Musk Deer inhabits high alpine environments. Musk deer become sexually mature between 18 months and two years, with age at first reproduction usually at two years. Breeding occurs primarily in November to December with offspring born from May to September, after a gestation period of 175 to 185 days. Conservation Status Global: Endangered A2d National: Data Deficient Rationale for assessment: There is insufficient information available to make an accurate assessment of the extinction risk of this species in Nepal. Only one species of musk deer has previously been recorded in Nepal. However, due to a recent taxonomic split into three species; Moschus leucogaster, Moschus chrysogaster and Moschus fuscus, these reports and research are now unreliable, as it is not clear to which species of musk deer they refer to. Legal Status CITES Appendix I Listed in the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973) as protected priority species. National Population Size There is no information available on the population size or status of this species in Nepal. National Distribution The Himalayan Musk Deer are reported occurring at elevations of 2,200 m and 4,300 m. They have been reported from Kanchenjunga, Annapurna, Manaslu Conservation Areas, Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shey Phoksundo, Rara and Khaptad National Parks
including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Distribution outside Nepal Bhutan, China, India. Main Threats • Poaching for trade in musk gland. • Habitat encroachment. • Disease transmission from livestock (potential). • Overgrazing & Forest product collection. References Zeng and Pin 1979, Oza 1988, Deng 1989, Hayssen et al. 1993, Meng et al. 2003ab, Groves et al. 1995, Suwal and Verheugt 1995, Jiang 1998, Aryal 2005, Xie and Smith 2008. 26) Ovis ammon (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies Ovis ammon hodgsoni Common Names Argali (English); Nayan (Nepali) Species Description Nepal’s largest wild sheep. Red-brown or grey in colour with thick coat. Large horns that curve backwards - when the horns get particularly long they twist. Species Ecology Argali inhabit mountains, steppe valleys, rocky outcrops, open desert habitats and alpine grasslands between 3,000 m and 5,500 m, often descending lower in winter and generally avoiding forested areas. This species mainly feeds on forbs, but when sympatric with Blue Sheep, Argali tend to occur in grass-dominated communities. Females become sexually mature at two years with a gestation period lasting approximately 160 days resulting in the birth of a single offspring. The maximum life span of Argali is between 10 and 13 years. Conservation Status Global: Near Threatened National: Data Deficient Rationale for assessment: There is insufficient information available to make an accurate assessment of the extinction risk of this species in Nepal. It is likely that with further information this species will be considered threatened. Legal Status CITES Appendix I Listed in the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973) as protected priority species. National Population Size The population of Argali in Nepal is unknown. However, it is likely to be small, as a total of only 77 Argali were reported from north-eastern side of Mustang district of Annapurna Conservation Area, nothern Nepal in 2005. National Distribution This species occurs in the high mountains of Nepal within the protected area of the Annapurna 54
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
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Preface It is with great pleasure t
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Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
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viii
Page 11 and 12: eing the predominant practice. The
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
Page 15 and 16: Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the
Page 17 and 18: Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
Page 19 and 20: Bat species make up almost a quarte
Page 21 and 22: increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
Page 23 and 24: Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
Page 25 and 26: Legal Status This includes both int
Page 27 and 28: UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
Page 29 and 30: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 31 and 32: References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
Page 33 and 34: is so small that it has been deemed
Page 35 and 36: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 37 and 38: 7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
Page 39 and 40: months. Asian Elephants can live up
Page 41 and 42: May to September, after a gestation
Page 43 and 44: National Distribution This species
Page 45 and 46: isk to the species including foot-a
Page 47 and 48: 13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
Page 49 and 50: Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
Page 51 and 52: Although estimates of Kiang numbers
Page 53 and 54: • Habitat loss and degradation du
Page 55 and 56: have been observed to migrate to hi
Page 57 and 58: LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
Page 59 and 60: Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
Page 61: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 65 and 66: National Distribution This species
Page 67 and 68: CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
Page 69 and 70: Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Page 71 and 72: References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
Page 73 and 74: 32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
Page 75 and 76: effect from populations in India is
Page 77 and 78: Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 79 and 80: 36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
Page 81 and 82: gated threats, namely poaching for
Page 83 and 84: National Distribution Royal Bengal
Page 85 and 86: Conservation Measures in Place Gove
Page 87 and 88: 41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
Page 89 and 90: Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
Page 91 and 92: i) Conduct research using direct an
Page 93 and 94: 45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
Page 95 and 96: spanning the country. Although the
Page 97 and 98: NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
Page 99 and 100: species is omnivorous and feeds on
Page 101 and 102: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 103 and 104: Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 105 and 106: Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
Page 107 and 108: References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 109 and 110: DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
Page 111 and 112: 62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
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information available to make an ac
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67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
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maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
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gestation period of 49 to 55 days.
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PRIMATES 112
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National Distribution The Assam Mac
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to that of S. enetellus, which has
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Conservation Status Global: Endange
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SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
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References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
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occurs in neighbouring countries, i
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(15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
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Conservation Measures in Place None
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National: Least Concern Rationale f
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tolerance of a broad range of habit
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89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
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91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
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Species Description Red-brown roden
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Rationale for assessment: This spec
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References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
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(Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
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Species Description Fur usually his
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the National Parks). Distribution o
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107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
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109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
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Species Description A medium-sized
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murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
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Least Concern in view of its wide d
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118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
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Legal Status National Parks and Wil
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Species Description Grey body above
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126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
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129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
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131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
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cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
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Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
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139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
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occurring in high alpine deserts an
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National Park, Rara National Park a
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species is lacking a median dorsal
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149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
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152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
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154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
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BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
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Conservation Measures in Place None
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Conservation Status Global: Least C
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160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
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162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
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LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
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References Suwal and Verheught 1995
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168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
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References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
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172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
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174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
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176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
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178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
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182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
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184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
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186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
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National Distribution This species
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193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
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dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
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198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
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above the projecting basal lobule.
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Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
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205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
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Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
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242
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Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
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Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
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Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
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Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
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Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
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Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
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256
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Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
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Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
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Appendix II Summary of the five cri
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Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
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Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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