The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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to be the main drivers of population decline. Further
research and effective conservation actions are
urgently needed to address the conservation of this
species. This species does occur throughout India,
however it is not known whether individuals move
across the political boundaries in sufficient numbers
to recolonise areas of suitable habitat in Nepal.
Legal Status
CITES Appendix III
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029
(1973). This species occurs within protected areas.
National Population Size
Total: < 100 (estimated)
Trend: Decreasing
There is little available information for this species.
Field technicians and scientists report this species as
rare with an estimated population of as few
as 100 individuals which is in decline.
National Distribution
This species occurs in the Terai region including
within the protected areas of Bardia National Park,
Chitwan National Park, Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Shukla
Phanta Wildlife Reserve and the districts of Banke
and Kailali.
Distribution outside Nepal
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Islamic Republic of
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman,
Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Syrian Arab Republic, Tanzania, Togo, Turkmenistan,
Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Western
Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Main Threats
• Habitat loss due to human settlements,
conversion of land for agriculture and livestock
grazing.
• Persecution as a pest species.
• Accidental mortality in traps laid for other
species.
Conservation Measures in Place
None.
Conservation Recommendations
i) Conduct surveys of this species using camera traps
and indirect survey methods within suitable habitats
in Bardia National Park, Chitwan National Park and
Shukla Phanta Wildlife reserve to determine occupancy
of this species within protected areas. Extend
survey to include areas of suitable habitat outside
these areas including interviews with local people
once species presence is confirmed.
ii) Increase education and awareness programmes in
areas in which the species occurs.
iii) Incorporate species conservation needs into
management plans.
iv) Conduct research into life-history traits.
References
Prater 1971, Suwal and Verheugt 1995, Vanderhaar and Hwang 2003 (and reference therein),
Baral and Shah 2008, Nepal Red List of Mammals Field Technicians Workshop 2010.