The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series - IUCN

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i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not Notes on front and back cover design: necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894). For 23 years, Hodgson was posted to Nepal as an official of the British East India Company—at a time when Nepal was virtually terra incognita to Europeans. Hodgson was an energetic polymath who, in addition to carrying out his political and diplomatic duties, published widely on the ethnography, linguistics, architecture, religion and natural history of Nepal and the Himalayas. He published more than 140 scientific papers on zoological subjects, ranging from descriptions of new species to checklists of the fauna. A projected massive volume surveying the birds and mammals of the central Himalaya was unfortunately never completed due to lack of funds, but the present paintings are taken from sketchbooks which Hodgson presented to the Zoological Society of London toward the end of his life. These voluminous collections comprise approximately 1500 pages of drawings, studies and miscellaneous notes. The species depictions were done in watercolours by a cadre of Nepalese traditional artists trained by Hodgson to paint birds and mammals in a natural, lifelike manner surprisingly modern in comparison with European and American artists of the day. Sadly, the names of only two members of this group—Tursmoney Chitterkar and Rajman Singh—are known today. The latter was probably responsible for the majority of these paintings, but he seems to have signed no more than a single bird painting. Front cover 1 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque; Rato Bandar 2 Ovis ammon hodgsoni Argali; Nayan 3 Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pangolin; Kalo Salak 4 Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox; Raj Chamero 5 Cuon alpinus Dhole; Ban kukur Ungulates 1 Pantholops hodgsonii Tibetan Antelope; Chiru 2 Naemorhedus goral Himalayan Goral; Ghoral 3 Axis porcinus Hog Deer; Laguna Carnivores 1 Felis chaus (juvenile) Jungle Cat; Ban Biralo 2 Cuon alpinus Dhole; Ban kukur ISBN number: 978-0-900881-60-2 Hodgson paintings species IDs (clockwise from top left) Primates 1 Semnopithecus schistaceus Nepal Grey Langur; Kalomukhe Bandar, Lampuchhre Bandar, Phetawal Bandar 2 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque; Rato Bandar 3 Macaca assamensis Assam Macaque; Pahare Bandar Small mammals 1 Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare; Khairo Kharayo 2 Cannomys badius Bay Bamboo Rat, Lesser Bamboo Rat; Sano Tame Bansmuso 3 Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pangolin; Kalo Salak 4 Caprolagus hispidus Hispid Hare; Laghukarna Kharayo Bats 1 Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox; Raj Chamero 2 Hipposideros armiger Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat; Thulo Golopatre Chamero Back cover 1 Naemorhedus goral Himalayan Goral; Ghoral 2 Petaurista petaurista Red Giant Flying Squirrel; Rato Rajpankhi Lokharke 3 Felis chaus (juvenile) Jungle Cat; Ban Biralo 4 Hipposideros armiger Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat; Thulo Golopatre Chamero 5 Semnopithecus schistaceus Nepal Grey Langur; Kalomukhe Bandar, Lampuchhre Bandar, Phetawal Bandar
The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: The National Red List Series Compilers: Shant Raj Jnawali, Hem Sagar Baral, Samantha Lee, Krishna Prasad Acharya, Gopal Upadhyay, Megh Pandey, Rinjan Shrestha, Dipesh Joshi, Babu Ram Laminchhane, Janine Griffiths, Ambika Prasad Khatiwada Naresh Subedi and Rajan Amin. Citation: Jnawali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A. P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (compilers) (2011) The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu, Nepal. Preface by Simon M. Stuart Chair IUCN Species Survival Commission ii
Page 1: The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: Th
Page 5 and 6: Preface It is with great pleasure t
Page 7 and 8: Himalayan Nature for use of the ill
Page 9 and 10: viii
Page 11 and 12: eing the predominant practice. The
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: Protected areas of Nepal.
Page 15 and 16: Status of Nepal’s Mammals Of the
Page 17 and 18: Figure 3: Status of mammals in Nepa
Page 19 and 20: Bat species make up almost a quarte
Page 21 and 22: increasing. Tuberculosis is an incr
Page 23 and 24: Table 4: Primary, secondary and ter
Page 25 and 26: Legal Status This includes both int
Page 27 and 28: UNGULATES [CETARTIODACTYLA (Includi
Page 29 and 30: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 31 and 32: References Prater 1971, Suwal and V
Page 33 and 34: is so small that it has been deemed
Page 35 and 36: Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 37 and 38: 7) Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) Commo
Page 39 and 40: months. Asian Elephants can live up
Page 41 and 42: May to September, after a gestation
Page 43 and 44: National Distribution This species
Page 45 and 46: isk to the species including foot-a
Page 47 and 48: 13) Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas
Page 49 and 50: Species Ecology The Gaur occurs in
Page 51 and 52: Although estimates of Kiang numbers
Page 53 and 54:
• Habitat loss and degradation du
Page 55 and 56:
have been observed to migrate to hi
Page 57 and 58:
LEAST CONCERN 20) Pseudois nayaur (
Page 59 and 60:
Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Monteneg
Page 61 and 62:
Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 63 and 64:
including Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
Page 65 and 66:
National Distribution This species
Page 67 and 68:
CARNIVORES [CARNIVORA] 58
Page 69 and 70:
Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Page 71 and 72:
References Pasitschniak-Arts 1993 (
Page 73 and 74:
32) Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Com
Page 75 and 76:
effect from populations in India is
Page 77 and 78:
Distribution outside Nepal Banglade
Page 79 and 80:
36) Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) C
Page 81 and 82:
gated threats, namely poaching for
Page 83 and 84:
National Distribution Royal Bengal
Page 85 and 86:
Conservation Measures in Place Gove
Page 87 and 88:
41) Prionodon pardicolor (Hodgson,
Page 89 and 90:
Sagarmatha, Langtang, Shivapuri Nag
Page 91 and 92:
i) Conduct research using direct an
Page 93 and 94:
45) Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857
Page 95 and 96:
spanning the country. Although the
Page 97 and 98:
NEAR THREATENED 48) Lutra lutra (Li
Page 99 and 100:
species is omnivorous and feeds on
Page 101 and 102:
Conservation Status Global: Least C
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Aust
Page 107 and 108:
References Suwal and Verheugt 1995,
Page 109 and 110:
DATA DEFICIENT 60) Aonyx cinerea (I
Page 111 and 112:
62) Arctonyx collaris (F.G. Cuvier,
Page 113 and 114:
information available to make an ac
Page 115 and 116:
67) Mustela strigidorsa (Gray, 1853
Page 117 and 118:
maturity at 18 to 24 months for fem
Page 119 and 120:
gestation period of 49 to 55 days.
Page 121 and 122:
PRIMATES 112
Page 123 and 124:
National Distribution The Assam Mac
Page 125 and 126:
to that of S. enetellus, which has
Page 127 and 128:
Conservation Status Global: Endange
Page 129 and 130:
SMALL MAMMALS [EULIPOTYPHLA, LAGOMO
Page 131 and 132:
References Suwal and Veheught 1995,
Page 133 and 134:
occurs in neighbouring countries, i
Page 135 and 136:
(15 to 18 scales over the body). Sc
Page 137 and 138:
Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 139 and 140:
National: Least Concern Rationale f
Page 141 and 142:
tolerance of a broad range of habit
Page 143 and 144:
89) Dremomys lokriah (Hodgson, 1836
Page 145 and 146:
91) Episoriculus leucops (Horsfield
Page 147 and 148:
Species Description Red-brown roden
Page 149 and 150:
Rationale for assessment: This spec
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
(Blyth, 1852); Mus cunicularis (Bly
Page 155 and 156:
Species Description Fur usually his
Page 157 and 158:
the National Parks). Distribution o
Page 159 and 160:
107) Petaurista petaurista (Pallas,
Page 161 and 162:
109) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,
Page 163 and 164:
Species Description A medium-sized
Page 165 and 166:
murinus fulvocinereus, Crocidura (P
Page 167 and 168:
Least Concern in view of its wide d
Page 169 and 170:
118) Alticola stoliczkanus (Blanfor
Page 171 and 172:
Legal Status National Parks and Wil
Page 173 and 174:
Species Description Grey body above
Page 175 and 176:
126) Dacnomys millardi (Thomas, 191
Page 177 and 178:
129) Euroscaptor micrura (Hodgson,
Page 179 and 180:
131) Hystrix indica (Kerr, 1792) Co
Page 181 and 182:
cervicolor palnica (Thomas, 1924) S
Page 183 and 184:
Species Ecology The Elegant Water S
Page 185 and 186:
139) Ochotona curzoniae (Hodgson, 1
Page 187 and 188:
occurring in high alpine deserts an
Page 189 and 190:
National Park, Rara National Park a
Page 191 and 192:
species is lacking a median dorsal
Page 193 and 194:
149) Rattus andamanensis (Blyth, 18
Page 195 and 196:
152) Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Page 197 and 198:
154) Suncus stoliczkanus (Anderson,
Page 199 and 200:
BATS [CHIROPTERA] 190
Page 201 and 202:
Conservation Measures in Place None
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
160) Philetor brachypterus (Temminc
Page 207 and 208:
162) Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards,
Page 209 and 210:
LEAST CONCERN 164) Barbastella leuc
Page 211 and 212:
References Suwal and Verheught 1995
Page 213 and 214:
168) Megaderma lyra (E. Geoffroy, 1
Page 215 and 216:
References Csorba et al. 1999, Myer
Page 217 and 218:
172) Myotis muricola (Gray, 1864) C
Page 219 and 220:
174) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield
Page 221 and 222:
176) Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray,
Page 223 and 224:
178) Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich,
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
182) Rhinolophus macrotis (Blyth, 1
Page 229 and 230:
184) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck
Page 231 and 232:
186) Rousettus leschenaultii (Desma
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
National Distribution This species
Page 237 and 238:
193) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,
Page 239 and 240:
dilapidated buildings, temples, cav
Page 241 and 242:
198) Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)
Page 243 and 244:
above the projecting basal lobule.
Page 245 and 246:
Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Page 247 and 248:
205) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth,
Page 249 and 250:
Pelage long and dense, grey-brown a
Page 251 and 252:
242
Page 253 and 254:
Basille, M., Calengea, C., Marbouti
Page 255 and 256:
Dhungel, S. K. & O’Gara, B. W. (1
Page 257 and 258:
Hutson, A.M., Spitzenberger, F., Au
Page 259 and 260:
Mayer, F., Petit, E. & Helversen, O
Page 261 and 262:
Roberts, M. S. & Gittleman, J. L. (
Page 263 and 264:
Thapa, S.B. (2009). First phase sur
Page 265 and 266:
256
Page 267 and 268:
Mustela erminea Ermine DD Mustela k
Page 269 and 270:
Nectogale elegans Elegant Water Shr
Page 271 and 272:
Appendix II Summary of the five cri
Page 273 and 274:
Appendix IV: Major roads in Nepal 2
Page 275:
Appendix VI: Major river systems in
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