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Chapter 4 XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. The suspended biofilm solution was serially diluted and spread onto 3 replicate TSA plates using the plate count technique previously described. The 2 nd group (cell recovery) coupons were aseptically placed in capped glass universal containers with 10ml of TSB. The coupons in the universals were incubated for 37°C for 24 hours. A change in the turbidity of the broth was used to verify the presence of viable cells on the surface. Turbid broths were subcultured to confirm that turbidity was related to re-growth of Salmonella (based on typical morphology). A set of coupons were also treated with sterile water (Control Coupon) and with the two neutralizing agents to ensure that the neutralizing agent was not reducing the number of culturable cells. Page 133
Chapter 4 Table 4.2: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of sodium hydroxide, benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. N Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hypochlorite Benzalkonium Chloride Strain Moles per Litre micrograms per Litre Percentage volume Strain No: (M) (mg/L) (%v/v) 27853 P. aeruginosa 9 0.25 125 0.005 S08-0601 S. Agona 9 0.25 125 0.005 S09-0494 S. Agona 9 0.25 125 0.005 S09-0046 S. Agona 9 0.25 125 0.005 S09-0371 S. Agona 9 0.25 125 0.005 S09-0479 S. Agona 9
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Salmonella enterica - biofilm forma
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Table of Contents Page Number 1.16.
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Table of Contents Page Number 4.1.2
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Table of Contents Page Number 6.8.4
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List of Abbreviations Table Page Nu
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List of Abbreviations List of Abbre
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Summary of Content Summary of Conte
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“To show your true ability is alw
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Acknowledgements ever met, Fiona th
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Acknowledgements This Ph.D. thesis
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Chapter 1 1.1. Salmonella Salmonell
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Chapter 1 may impose enormous costs
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Chapter 1 cracks or penetration of
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Chapter 1 detected by agglutination
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Chapter 1 become colonized with >10
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Chapter 1 antigens [z27],[z45] [1].
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Chapter 1 S. Agona has also been im
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Chapter 1 isolated from undercooked
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Chapter 1 The S. Typhimurium strain
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Chapter 1 ecosystem with the use of
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Chapter 1 [82]. Previous research h
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Chapter 1 to genes involved in flag
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Chapter 1 observation has also been
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Chapter 1 [119] and flow cell react
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Chapter 1 based disinfectant) the s
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Chapter 1 formation of two strains
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Chapter 1 shield the S. Agona cells
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Chapter 1 Key Objectives of this st
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Chapter 2 2. Abstract Food-borne pa
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Chapter 2 indicated that there may
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Chapter 2 taken from industrial set
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Chapter 2 2.1.4. CDC Biofilm Reacto
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Chapter 2 can be performed without
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Chapter 2 To summarise, previous au
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Chapter 2 2.3. Methods for examinin
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Chapter 2 and the biofilm formed th
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Chapter 2 2.4. Statistical Analysis
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Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Strain charact
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Chapter 2 XII. The gas port and med
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Chapter 2 II. Primary fixative cons
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Chapter 2 IX. Once the conditions w
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Image of CBR
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Chapter 2 2.6. Results 2.6.1. Asses
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Chapter 2 2.6.3. SEM Analysis of su
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6: Complete remo
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Chapter 2 2.6.5. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 2.6.6. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 2 The results displayed in
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Chapter 2 Table 2.7: Difference bet
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Chapter 2 Table 2.8: The mean log 1
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 2 Figure 2.7: Graph of the
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 2 also used “high” soni
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 2 2.8. Summary All 13 strai
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 3 3. Abstract It has been e
Page 112 and 113: Chapter 3 classified as persistent
Page 114 and 115: Chapter 3 was plated onto TSA for e
Page 116 and 117: Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: The mean log
Page 118 and 119: Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: SEM image of
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 3 Table 3.2: Difference bet
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 3 3.4.3. Intra-serovar vari
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 3 3.4.4. Strain variation i
Page 126 and 127: Chapter 3 3.4.5. The density of bio
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 3 3.5. Discussion As illust
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 3 As discussed in section 3
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 3 increased biofilm appeare
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 4 Examining the efficacy of
Page 136 and 137: Chapter 4 through laboratory based
Page 138 and 139: Chapter 4 acid and quaternary ammon
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 4 the surface the temperatu
Page 142 and 143: Chapter 4 availability of multiple
Page 144 and 145: Chapter 4 peracetic acid (100, 200,
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 4 As discussed previously,
Page 148 and 149: Chapter 4 Dey/Engley (Difco) neutra
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 4 sterilisation was achieve
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 4 IX. Aliquots of 100µl of
Page 156 and 157: Chapter 4 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Suspe
Page 158 and 159: Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Mean log 10 de
Page 160 and 161: Chapter 4 Benzalkonium chloride was
Page 162 and 163: Chapter 4 4.4. Discussion Suspensio
Page 164 and 165: Chapter 4 effective at eliminating
Page 166 and 167: Chapter 4 Surprisingly, Nguyen et a
Page 168 and 169: Chapter 4 though a contact time of
Page 170 and 171: Chapter 4 provide a more standardis
Page 172 and 173: Chapter 4 hours instead of the stan
Page 174 and 175: Chapter 5 5. Abstract Examining bio
Page 176 and 177: Chapter 5 dry and rough (bdar) morp
Page 178 and 179: Chapter 5 absence of curli and cell
Page 180 and 181: Chapter 5 studies such as the micro
Page 182 and 183: Chapter 5 discussed in chapter 4. T
Page 184 and 185: Chapter 5 5.2. Methods 5.2.1. Colon
Page 186 and 187: Chapter 5 XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.
Page 188 and 189: Chapter 5 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX
Page 190 and 191: Chapter 5 5.3.2. Repeatability of m
Page 192 and 193: Chapter 5 Figure 5.2: Stained biofi
Page 194 and 195: Chapter 5 was formed at room temper
Page 196 and 197: Chapter 5 Table 5.3: The density of
Page 198 and 199: Chapter 5 5.3.4. The density of bio
Page 200 and 201: Chapter 5 Table 5.6: The difference
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 5 Table 5.7: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.8: Summary of ass
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Chapter 5 interpretation therefore
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Chapter 5 measures of S. enterica b
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Chapter 5 cells peaks [165, 191]. D
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Chapter 5 5.5. Limitations of the s
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Chapter 6 Discussion of S. enterica
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Chapter 6 However, a number of auth
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Chapter 6 It is of interest to exam
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Chapter 6 were similar at 48 hours.
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Chapter 6 attributable to a small n
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Chapter 6 chosen as an appropriate
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Chapter 6 undetermined. However, th
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Chapter 6 reason for this may be du
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Chapter 6 Moreover, based on the re
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Chapter 6 responsible for increased
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Chapter 6 not fully capture the ran
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Chapter 6 However, the extent of bi
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Chapter 6 6.10. Conclusions and rec
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Chapter 6 studies may solve some of
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Bibliography Bibliography Page 221
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Bibliography 12. T. Takata, J.L., H
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Bibliography 29. Barker, J., M. Nae
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Bibliography 47. Threlfall, E.J., H
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Bibliography 65. CDC. Investigation
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Bibliography 83. Ledeboer, N., Frye
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Bibliography 100. Chia, T., Goulter
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Bibliography 117. Buckingham-Meyer,
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Bibliography 133. European Committe
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Bibliography Supernatant of a Hafni
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Bibliography 165. Díez-García, M.
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Bibliography cultivation of Staphyl
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Bibliography Compounds. 2012. Appli
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Bibliography 215. Buck, et al., A q
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Bibliography Canadian Journal of Ps
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Appendix 1 Appendix 1— List of Re
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Appendix 1 Appendix 1 - List of Equ
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Appendix 2 Colour index High outlie
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Appendix 3 Appendix 3-Figure 2: PFG
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Appendix 4 Poster Presentation Envi
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