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Chapter 5 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. No change in turbidity (in comparison to negative control wells) indicated that cells were no longer viable post treatment with disinfectant agents. Three wells with un-inoculated LB broth were used as a negative control in all runs. The three disinfectant solutions were also used as a negative control in triplicate wells. The experiments were performed twice on different days. The data analysis was analysed using SPSS version 20. Comparisons and significance tests were based on the Mann-Whitney U test for multiple comparisons. Page 167
Chapter 5 5.3. Results 5.3.1. The colony morphology on Congo Red agar Using the categorisation described previously (Table 5.1) all strains of S. enterica displayed similar colony morphology when grown on CR agar, exhibiting the red, dry and rough (rdar) morphology indicating curli and cellulose biosynthesis. Figure 5.1: Images of colony morphology of on congo red agar Figure 5.1 illustrates the red dry and rough (rdar) colony morphology displayed by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Agona strain SL483 and S. Agona strain S09-0046. Page 168
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Salmonella enterica - biofilm forma
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Table of Contents Page Number 1.16.
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Table of Contents Page Number 4.1.2
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Table of Contents Page Number 6.8.4
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List of Abbreviations Table Page Nu
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List of Abbreviations List of Abbre
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Summary of Content Summary of Conte
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“To show your true ability is alw
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Acknowledgements ever met, Fiona th
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Acknowledgements This Ph.D. thesis
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Chapter 1 1.1. Salmonella Salmonell
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Chapter 1 may impose enormous costs
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Chapter 1 cracks or penetration of
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Chapter 1 detected by agglutination
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Chapter 1 become colonized with >10
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Chapter 1 antigens [z27],[z45] [1].
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Chapter 1 S. Agona has also been im
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Chapter 1 isolated from undercooked
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Chapter 1 The S. Typhimurium strain
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Chapter 1 ecosystem with the use of
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Chapter 1 [82]. Previous research h
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Chapter 1 to genes involved in flag
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Chapter 1 observation has also been
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Chapter 1 [119] and flow cell react
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Chapter 1 based disinfectant) the s
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Chapter 1 formation of two strains
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Chapter 1 shield the S. Agona cells
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Chapter 1 Key Objectives of this st
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Chapter 2 2. Abstract Food-borne pa
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Chapter 2 indicated that there may
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Chapter 2 taken from industrial set
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Chapter 2 2.1.4. CDC Biofilm Reacto
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Chapter 2 can be performed without
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Chapter 2 To summarise, previous au
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Chapter 2 2.3. Methods for examinin
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Chapter 2 and the biofilm formed th
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Chapter 2 2.4. Statistical Analysis
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Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Strain charact
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Chapter 2 XII. The gas port and med
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Chapter 2 II. Primary fixative cons
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Chapter 2 IX. Once the conditions w
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Image of CBR
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Chapter 2 2.6. Results 2.6.1. Asses
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Chapter 2 2.6.3. SEM Analysis of su
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6: Complete remo
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Chapter 2 2.6.5. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 2.6.6. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 2 The results displayed in
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Chapter 2 Table 2.7: Difference bet
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Chapter 2 Table 2.8: The mean log 1
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.7: Graph of the
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Chapter 2 also used “high” soni
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Chapter 2 2.8. Summary All 13 strai
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Chapter 3 3. Abstract It has been e
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Chapter 3 classified as persistent
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Chapter 3 was plated onto TSA for e
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: The mean log
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: SEM image of
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Chapter 3 Table 3.2: Difference bet
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Chapter 3 3.4.3. Intra-serovar vari
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Chapter 3 3.4.4. Strain variation i
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Chapter 3 3.4.5. The density of bio
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Chapter 3 3.5. Discussion As illust
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Chapter 3 As discussed in section 3
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Chapter 3 increased biofilm appeare
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Chapter 4 Examining the efficacy of
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Chapter 4 through laboratory based
Page 138 and 139: Chapter 4 acid and quaternary ammon
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 4 the surface the temperatu
Page 142 and 143: Chapter 4 availability of multiple
Page 144 and 145: Chapter 4 peracetic acid (100, 200,
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 4 As discussed previously,
Page 148 and 149: Chapter 4 Dey/Engley (Difco) neutra
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 4 sterilisation was achieve
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 4 IX. Aliquots of 100µl of
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 4 XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX
Page 156 and 157: Chapter 4 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Suspe
Page 158 and 159: Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Mean log 10 de
Page 160 and 161: Chapter 4 Benzalkonium chloride was
Page 162 and 163: Chapter 4 4.4. Discussion Suspensio
Page 164 and 165: Chapter 4 effective at eliminating
Page 166 and 167: Chapter 4 Surprisingly, Nguyen et a
Page 168 and 169: Chapter 4 though a contact time of
Page 170 and 171: Chapter 4 provide a more standardis
Page 172 and 173: Chapter 4 hours instead of the stan
Page 174 and 175: Chapter 5 5. Abstract Examining bio
Page 176 and 177: Chapter 5 dry and rough (bdar) morp
Page 178 and 179: Chapter 5 absence of curli and cell
Page 180 and 181: Chapter 5 studies such as the micro
Page 182 and 183: Chapter 5 discussed in chapter 4. T
Page 184 and 185: Chapter 5 5.2. Methods 5.2.1. Colon
Page 186 and 187: Chapter 5 XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.
Page 190 and 191: Chapter 5 5.3.2. Repeatability of m
Page 192 and 193: Chapter 5 Figure 5.2: Stained biofi
Page 194 and 195: Chapter 5 was formed at room temper
Page 196 and 197: Chapter 5 Table 5.3: The density of
Page 198 and 199: Chapter 5 5.3.4. The density of bio
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Page 204 and 205: Chapter 5 Table 5.8: Summary of ass
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 5 interpretation therefore
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 5 measures of S. enterica b
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 5 cells peaks [165, 191]. D
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 5 5.5. Limitations of the s
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 6 Discussion of S. enterica
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 6 However, a number of auth
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 6 It is of interest to exam
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Page 222 and 223: Chapter 6 attributable to a small n
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Page 226 and 227: Chapter 6 undetermined. However, th
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Page 230 and 231: Chapter 6 Moreover, based on the re
Page 232 and 233: Chapter 6 responsible for increased
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Page 236 and 237: Chapter 6 However, the extent of bi
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Chapter 6 6.10. Conclusions and rec
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Chapter 6 studies may solve some of
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Bibliography Bibliography Page 221
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Bibliography 12. T. Takata, J.L., H
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Bibliography 29. Barker, J., M. Nae
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Bibliography 47. Threlfall, E.J., H
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Bibliography 65. CDC. Investigation
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Bibliography 83. Ledeboer, N., Frye
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Bibliography 100. Chia, T., Goulter
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Bibliography 117. Buckingham-Meyer,
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Bibliography 133. European Committe
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Bibliography Supernatant of a Hafni
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Bibliography 165. Díez-García, M.
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Bibliography cultivation of Staphyl
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Bibliography Compounds. 2012. Appli
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Bibliography 215. Buck, et al., A q
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Bibliography Canadian Journal of Ps
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Appendix 1 Appendix 1— List of Re
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Appendix 1 Appendix 1 - List of Equ
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Appendix 2 Colour index High outlie
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Appendix 3 Appendix 3-Figure 2: PFG
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Appendix 4 Poster Presentation Envi
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