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Bibliography 117. Buckingham-Meyer, K., Goeres, D., and Hamilton, M., Comparative evaluation of biofilm disinfectant efficacy tests. 2007. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 70(2): 236-244. 118. Bagge, D., Hjelm, M., Johansen, C., Huber, I., Gram, L., Shewanella putrefaciens Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Food Processing Surfaces. 2001. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(5): 2319-2325. 119. Seidler, M., S. Salvenmoser, and F.-M.C. Müller, Liposomal amphotericin B eradicates Candida albicans biofilm in a continuous catheter flow model. 2010. FEMS Yeast Research. 10(4): 492-495. 120. Nailis, H., Vandenbroucke, R, Tilleman, K., Deforce, D., Nelis, H., Coenye, T., Monitoring ALS1 and ALS3 Gene Expression During In Vitro Candida albicans Biofilm Formationn Under Continuous Flow Conditions. 2009. Mycopathologia. 167(1): 9-17. 121. Nailis, H., Kucharikova, S., Ricicova, M., Van Dijck, P., Deforce, D., Nelis, H., Coenye, T., Real-time PCR expression profiling of genes encoding potential virulence factors in Candida albicans biofilms: identification of model-dependent and -independent gene expression. 2010. BMC Microbiology. 10(1): 114. 122. Gilmore, B., Hamill, T., Jones, D. Gorman, S., Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials. 2010. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied Biomaterials. 93(1): 128-140. 123. Hadi, R., Vickery, K., Deva, A.and Charlton, T., Biofilm removal by medical device cleaners: comparison of two bioreactor detection assays. 2010. Journal of Hospital Infection. 74(2): 160-167. 124. Donlan, R., Piede, J., Heyes, C., Sanii, L., Murga, R., Edmonds, P., El-Sayed, I., and El-Sayed, M., Model System for Growing and Quantifying Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms In Situ and in Real Time. 2004. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70(8): 4980-4988. 125. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E2871-12 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Disinfectant Efficacy against Page 235
Bibliography Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown in CDC Biofilm Reactor using Single Tube Method. 2012: West Conshohocken, PA,. 126. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E2799-12 Standard Test Method for Testing Disinfectant Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm using the MBEC Assay. 2012: West Conshohocken, PA. 127. Drago, L., Gismondo, M., Lombardi, A., de Haën, C. and Gozzini, L., Inhibition of in vitro growth of enteropathogens by new Lactobacillus isolates of human intestinal origin. 1997. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 153(2): 455-463. 128. Karatzas, K., Randall, L., Webber, M., Piddock, L., Humphrey, T., Woodward, M., Coldham, N., Phenotypic and proteomic characterization of multiply antibiotic-resistant variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium selected following exposure to disinfectants. 2008. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74: 1508 - 1516. 129. McDonnell, et al., Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance. 1999. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12(1): 147-179. 130. Møretrø, T., Heir, E., Nesse, L. L., Vestby, L. K. Langsrud, S., Control of Salmonella in food related environments by chemical disinfection. 2012. Food Research International. 45(2): 532-544. 131. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), DIN EN 1040 (2006-03) Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of basic bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements, in (phase 1). 2006. 132. Randall, L.P., et al., Commonly used farm disinfectants can select for mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with decreased susceptibility to biocides and antibiotics without compromising virulence. 2007. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 60(6): 1273-1280. Page 236
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Salmonella enterica - biofilm forma
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Table of Contents Page Number 1.16.
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Table of Contents Page Number 4.1.2
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Table of Contents Page Number 6.8.4
Page 10 and 11:
List of Abbreviations Table Page Nu
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List of Abbreviations List of Abbre
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Summary of Content Summary of Conte
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“To show your true ability is alw
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Acknowledgements ever met, Fiona th
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Acknowledgements This Ph.D. thesis
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Chapter 1 1.1. Salmonella Salmonell
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Chapter 1 may impose enormous costs
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Chapter 1 cracks or penetration of
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Chapter 1 detected by agglutination
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Chapter 1 become colonized with >10
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Chapter 1 antigens [z27],[z45] [1].
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Chapter 1 S. Agona has also been im
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Chapter 1 isolated from undercooked
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Chapter 1 The S. Typhimurium strain
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Chapter 1 ecosystem with the use of
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Chapter 1 [82]. Previous research h
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Chapter 1 to genes involved in flag
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Chapter 1 observation has also been
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Chapter 1 [119] and flow cell react
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Chapter 1 based disinfectant) the s
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Chapter 1 formation of two strains
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Chapter 1 shield the S. Agona cells
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Chapter 1 Key Objectives of this st
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Chapter 2 2. Abstract Food-borne pa
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Chapter 2 indicated that there may
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Chapter 2 taken from industrial set
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Chapter 2 2.1.4. CDC Biofilm Reacto
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Chapter 2 can be performed without
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Chapter 2 To summarise, previous au
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Chapter 2 2.3. Methods for examinin
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Chapter 2 and the biofilm formed th
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Chapter 2 2.4. Statistical Analysis
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Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Strain charact
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Chapter 2 XII. The gas port and med
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Chapter 2 II. Primary fixative cons
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Chapter 2 IX. Once the conditions w
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Image of CBR
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Chapter 2 2.6. Results 2.6.1. Asses
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Chapter 2 2.6.3. SEM Analysis of su
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6: Complete remo
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Chapter 2 2.6.5. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 2.6.6. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 2 The results displayed in
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Chapter 2 Table 2.7: Difference bet
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Chapter 2 Table 2.8: The mean log 1
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.7: Graph of the
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Chapter 2 also used “high” soni
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Chapter 2 2.8. Summary All 13 strai
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Chapter 3 3. Abstract It has been e
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Chapter 3 classified as persistent
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Chapter 3 was plated onto TSA for e
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: The mean log
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: SEM image of
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Chapter 3 Table 3.2: Difference bet
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Chapter 3 3.4.3. Intra-serovar vari
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Chapter 3 3.4.4. Strain variation i
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Chapter 3 3.4.5. The density of bio
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Chapter 3 3.5. Discussion As illust
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Chapter 3 As discussed in section 3
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Chapter 3 increased biofilm appeare
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Chapter 4 Examining the efficacy of
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Chapter 4 through laboratory based
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Chapter 4 acid and quaternary ammon
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Chapter 4 the surface the temperatu
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Chapter 4 availability of multiple
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Chapter 4 peracetic acid (100, 200,
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Chapter 4 As discussed previously,
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Chapter 4 Dey/Engley (Difco) neutra
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Chapter 4 sterilisation was achieve
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Chapter 4 IX. Aliquots of 100µl of
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Chapter 4 XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX
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Chapter 4 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Suspe
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Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 4 Benzalkonium chloride was
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Chapter 4 4.4. Discussion Suspensio
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Chapter 4 effective at eliminating
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Chapter 4 Surprisingly, Nguyen et a
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Chapter 4 though a contact time of
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Chapter 4 provide a more standardis
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Chapter 4 hours instead of the stan
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Chapter 5 5. Abstract Examining bio
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Chapter 5 dry and rough (bdar) morp
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Chapter 5 absence of curli and cell
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Chapter 5 studies such as the micro
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Chapter 5 discussed in chapter 4. T
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Chapter 5 5.2. Methods 5.2.1. Colon
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Chapter 5 XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.
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Chapter 5 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX
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Chapter 5 5.3.2. Repeatability of m
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.2: Stained biofi
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Chapter 5 was formed at room temper
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Chapter 5 Table 5.3: The density of
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Chapter 5 5.3.4. The density of bio
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Chapter 5 Table 5.6: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.7: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.8: Summary of ass
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 5 interpretation therefore
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 5 measures of S. enterica b
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 5 cells peaks [165, 191]. D
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 5 5.5. Limitations of the s
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 6 Discussion of S. enterica
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 6 However, a number of auth
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 6 It is of interest to exam
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 6 were similar at 48 hours.
Page 222 and 223: Chapter 6 attributable to a small n
Page 224 and 225: Chapter 6 chosen as an appropriate
Page 226 and 227: Chapter 6 undetermined. However, th
Page 228 and 229: Chapter 6 reason for this may be du
Page 230 and 231: Chapter 6 Moreover, based on the re
Page 232 and 233: Chapter 6 responsible for increased
Page 234 and 235: Chapter 6 not fully capture the ran
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 6 However, the extent of bi
Page 238 and 239: Chapter 6 6.10. Conclusions and rec
Page 240 and 241: Chapter 6 studies may solve some of
Page 242 and 243: Bibliography Bibliography Page 221
Page 244 and 245: Bibliography 12. T. Takata, J.L., H
Page 246 and 247: Bibliography 29. Barker, J., M. Nae
Page 248 and 249: Bibliography 47. Threlfall, E.J., H
Page 250 and 251: Bibliography 65. CDC. Investigation
Page 252 and 253: Bibliography 83. Ledeboer, N., Frye
Page 254 and 255: Bibliography 100. Chia, T., Goulter
Page 258 and 259: Bibliography 133. European Committe
Page 260 and 261: Bibliography Supernatant of a Hafni
Page 262 and 263: Bibliography 165. Díez-García, M.
Page 264 and 265: Bibliography cultivation of Staphyl
Page 266 and 267: Bibliography Compounds. 2012. Appli
Page 268 and 269: Bibliography 215. Buck, et al., A q
Page 270 and 271: Bibliography Canadian Journal of Ps
Page 272 and 273: Appendix 1 Appendix 1— List of Re
Page 274 and 275: Appendix 1 Appendix 1 - List of Equ
Page 276 and 277: Appendix 2 Colour index High outlie
Page 286 and 287: Appendix 3 Appendix 3-Figure 2: PFG
Page 288 and 289: Appendix 4 Poster Presentation Envi
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