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Appendix 2 Colour index High outlier Low outlier Appendix 2 - Table 4 displays the optical density biofilm formed 3 replicate wells for each for 6 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Agona strains, 6 S. Typhimurium strains and 2 S. Enteritidis strains examined. The optical density was measured at 590 wavelengths (OD 590 ). Each strain was examined in triplicate wells in the microtitre plate (wells 1-3). The experiment was performed on three occasions (Run 1-3). The high outliers are denoted by yellow coloured cell and the low outliers are denoted by blue coloured cell. The mean of all 9 observations for each strain was also calculated. These mean calculations are based on the biofilm density formed over 168 hours at 22°C. Page 261
Appendix 2 Appendix 2 - Table 5: 168 hour biofilm at 37°C Strain No Strain Well Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Mean of all 9 OD readings 27853 P. aeruginosa 1 0.675 1.143 0.989 0.788 27853 P. aeruginosa 2 0.646 2.031 0.286 27853 P. aeruginosa 3 0.477 0.244 0.598 S08-0601 S. Agona Outbreak 1 0.097 0.072 0.995 0.699 S08-0601 S. Agona Outbreak 2 0.044 0.198 2.516 S08-0601 S. Agona Outbreak 3 0.041 0.603 1.726 S09-0494 S. Agona Outbreak 1 0.054 0.109 3.358 1.200 S09-0494 S. Agona Outbreak 2 0.282 0.102 1.94 S09-0494 S. Agona Outbreak 3 1.013 0.754 3.189 S09-0046 S. Agona variant 1 0.041 0.183 2.441 0.334 S09-0046 S. Agona variant 2 0.041 0.037 0.076 S09-0046 S. Agona variant 3 0.036 0.057 0.098 S09-0371 S. Agona 1 0.045 0.041 0.15 0.234 S09-0371 S. Agona 2 0.583 0.286 0.048 S09-0371 S. Agona 3 0.168 0.244 0.543 S09-0479 S. Agona 1 0.122 0.111 0.304 0.146 S09-0479 S. Agona 2 0.146 0.064 0.104 S09-0479 S. Agona 3 0.048 0.044 0.369 SL483 S. Agona 1 0.253 0.079 0.217 1.162 SL483 S. Agona 2 0.797 0.16 0.245 SL483 S. Agona 3 3.101 2.392 3.218 S09-0419 S. Typhimurium 1 0.09 0.426 0.064 0.147 S09-0419 S. Typhimurium 2 0.057 0.047 0.087 S09-0419 S. Typhimurium 3 0.044 0.454 0.055 S08-0408 S. Typhimurium 1 0.046 0.041 0.123 0.095 S08-0408 S. Typhimurium 2 0.056 0.046 0.108 S08-0408 S. Typhimurium 3 0.172 0.044 0.216 SL1344 S. Typhimurium 1 0.071 0.047 0.142 0.099 SL1344 S. Typhimurium 2 0.036 0.048 0.154 SL1344 S. Typhimurium 3 0.058 0.105 0.226 LT2 S. Typhimurium 1 0.083 0.197 0.076 0.519 LT2 S. Typhimurium 2 1.259 0.046 0.119 LT2 S. Typhimurium 3 2.041 0.555 0.294 S09-0717 S. Enteritidis 1 1.239 0.489 0.069 0.294 S09-0717 S. Enteritidis 2 0.205 0.171 0.039 S09-0717 S. Enteritidis 3 0.081 0.235 0.12 S09-0004 S. Enteritidis 1 0.084 0.292 0.056 0.235 S09-0004 S. Enteritidis 2 0.889 0.051 0.253 S09-0004 S. Enteritidis 3 0.111 0.161 0.215 Page 262
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Salmonella enterica - biofilm forma
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Table of Contents Page Number 1.16.
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Table of Contents Page Number 4.1.2
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Table of Contents Page Number 6.8.4
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List of Abbreviations Table Page Nu
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List of Abbreviations List of Abbre
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Summary of Content Summary of Conte
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“To show your true ability is alw
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Acknowledgements ever met, Fiona th
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Acknowledgements This Ph.D. thesis
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Chapter 1 1.1. Salmonella Salmonell
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Chapter 1 may impose enormous costs
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Chapter 1 cracks or penetration of
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Chapter 1 detected by agglutination
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Chapter 1 become colonized with >10
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Chapter 1 antigens [z27],[z45] [1].
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Chapter 1 S. Agona has also been im
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Chapter 1 isolated from undercooked
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Chapter 1 The S. Typhimurium strain
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Chapter 1 ecosystem with the use of
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Chapter 1 [82]. Previous research h
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Chapter 1 to genes involved in flag
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Chapter 1 observation has also been
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Chapter 1 [119] and flow cell react
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Chapter 1 based disinfectant) the s
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Chapter 1 formation of two strains
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Chapter 1 shield the S. Agona cells
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Chapter 1 Key Objectives of this st
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Chapter 2 2. Abstract Food-borne pa
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Chapter 2 indicated that there may
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Chapter 2 taken from industrial set
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Chapter 2 2.1.4. CDC Biofilm Reacto
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Chapter 2 can be performed without
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Chapter 2 To summarise, previous au
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Chapter 2 2.3. Methods for examinin
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Chapter 2 and the biofilm formed th
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Chapter 2 2.4. Statistical Analysis
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Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Strain charact
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Chapter 2 XII. The gas port and med
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Chapter 2 II. Primary fixative cons
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Chapter 2 IX. Once the conditions w
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Image of CBR
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Chapter 2 2.6. Results 2.6.1. Asses
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Chapter 2 2.6.3. SEM Analysis of su
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6: Complete remo
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Chapter 2 2.6.5. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 2.6.6. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 2 The results displayed in
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Chapter 2 Table 2.7: Difference bet
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Chapter 2 Table 2.8: The mean log 1
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.7: Graph of the
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Chapter 2 also used “high” soni
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Chapter 2 2.8. Summary All 13 strai
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Chapter 3 3. Abstract It has been e
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Chapter 3 classified as persistent
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Chapter 3 was plated onto TSA for e
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: The mean log
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: SEM image of
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Chapter 3 Table 3.2: Difference bet
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Chapter 3 3.4.3. Intra-serovar vari
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Chapter 3 3.4.4. Strain variation i
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Chapter 3 3.4.5. The density of bio
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Chapter 3 3.5. Discussion As illust
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Chapter 3 As discussed in section 3
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Chapter 3 increased biofilm appeare
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Chapter 4 Examining the efficacy of
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Chapter 4 through laboratory based
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Chapter 4 acid and quaternary ammon
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Chapter 4 the surface the temperatu
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Chapter 4 availability of multiple
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Chapter 4 peracetic acid (100, 200,
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Chapter 4 As discussed previously,
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Chapter 4 Dey/Engley (Difco) neutra
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Chapter 4 sterilisation was achieve
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Chapter 4 IX. Aliquots of 100µl of
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Chapter 4 XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX
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Chapter 4 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Suspe
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Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 4 Benzalkonium chloride was
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Chapter 4 4.4. Discussion Suspensio
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Chapter 4 effective at eliminating
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Chapter 4 Surprisingly, Nguyen et a
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Chapter 4 though a contact time of
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Chapter 4 provide a more standardis
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Chapter 4 hours instead of the stan
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Chapter 5 5. Abstract Examining bio
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Chapter 5 dry and rough (bdar) morp
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Chapter 5 absence of curli and cell
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Chapter 5 studies such as the micro
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Chapter 5 discussed in chapter 4. T
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Chapter 5 5.2. Methods 5.2.1. Colon
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Chapter 5 XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.
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Chapter 5 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX
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Chapter 5 5.3.2. Repeatability of m
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.2: Stained biofi
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Chapter 5 was formed at room temper
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Chapter 5 Table 5.3: The density of
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Chapter 5 5.3.4. The density of bio
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Chapter 5 Table 5.6: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.7: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.8: Summary of ass
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Chapter 5 interpretation therefore
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Chapter 5 measures of S. enterica b
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Chapter 5 cells peaks [165, 191]. D
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Chapter 5 5.5. Limitations of the s
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Chapter 6 Discussion of S. enterica
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Chapter 6 However, a number of auth
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Chapter 6 It is of interest to exam
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Chapter 6 were similar at 48 hours.
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Chapter 6 attributable to a small n
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Chapter 6 chosen as an appropriate
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Chapter 6 undetermined. However, th
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Chapter 6 reason for this may be du
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Chapter 6 Moreover, based on the re
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Page 238 and 239: Chapter 6 6.10. Conclusions and rec
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Page 242 and 243: Bibliography Bibliography Page 221
Page 244 and 245: Bibliography 12. T. Takata, J.L., H
Page 246 and 247: Bibliography 29. Barker, J., M. Nae
Page 248 and 249: Bibliography 47. Threlfall, E.J., H
Page 250 and 251: Bibliography 65. CDC. Investigation
Page 252 and 253: Bibliography 83. Ledeboer, N., Frye
Page 254 and 255: Bibliography 100. Chia, T., Goulter
Page 256 and 257: Bibliography 117. Buckingham-Meyer,
Page 258 and 259: Bibliography 133. European Committe
Page 260 and 261: Bibliography Supernatant of a Hafni
Page 262 and 263: Bibliography 165. Díez-García, M.
Page 264 and 265: Bibliography cultivation of Staphyl
Page 266 and 267: Bibliography Compounds. 2012. Appli
Page 268 and 269: Bibliography 215. Buck, et al., A q
Page 270 and 271: Bibliography Canadian Journal of Ps
Page 272 and 273: Appendix 1 Appendix 1— List of Re
Page 274 and 275: Appendix 1 Appendix 1 - List of Equ
Page 276 and 277: Appendix 2 Colour index High outlie
Page 286 and 287: Appendix 3 Appendix 3-Figure 2: PFG
Page 288 and 289: Appendix 4 Poster Presentation Envi
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