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Bibliography Supernatant of a Hafnia alvei Culture. 2010. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76(6): 2018-2022. 149. Wong, H.S., et al., Comparative susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms of different ages to disinfectants. 2010. Biofouling: The Journal of Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research. 26(7): 859 - 864. 150. Ramesh, N., Joseph, S. W., Carr, L. E., Douglass, L. W. and Wheaton, F. W., Evaluation of Chemical Disinfectants for the Elimination of Salmonella Biofilms from Poultry Transport Containers. 2002. Poultry Science. 81: 904-910. 151. Shen, Y., S. Stojicic, and M. Haapasalo, Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine against Bacteria in Biofilms at Different Stages of Development. 2011. Journal of Endodontics. 37(5): 657-661. 152. Lamfon, H., Porter, S., McCullough, M, Pratten, J., Susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms grown in a constant depth film fermentor to chlorhexidine, fluconazole and miconazole: a longitudinal study. 2004. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 53(2): 383-385. 153. Xu, H., et al., Chemically inhibited ATP synthesis promoted detachment of different-age biofilms from membrane surface. 2011. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 1-10. 154. Fraud, S., Maillard, J., Kaminski, M., and Hanlon, G., Activity of amine oxide against biofilms of Streptococcus mutans: a potential biocide for oral care formulations. 2005. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 56(4): 672-677. 155. Majowicz, S., Musto, J., Scallan, E., Angulo, F., Kirk, M., O'Brien,S., Jones, T., Fazil, A., Hoekstra, R. and the International Collaboration on Enteric Disease “Burden of Illness” Studies, The Global Burden of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis. 2010. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 50(6): 882-889. 156. Ellis, A., Preston,M., Borczyk,A., Miller, B., Stone,P., Hatton,B., Chagla,A., Hockin,J., A community outbreak of Salmonella Berta Page 239
Bibliography associated with a soft cheese product. 1998. Epidemiology and Infection. 120(01): 29-35. 157. Llewellyn, L.J., M.R. Evans, and S.R. Palmer, Use of sequential casecontrol studies to investigate a community Salmonella outbreak in Wales. 1998. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 52(4): 272-276. 158. Botteldoorn, N., Heyndrickx, M., Rijpens, N., Grijspeerdt, K. and Herman, L., Salmonella on pig carcasses: positive pigs and cross contamination in the slaughterhouse. 2003. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 95(5): 891-903. 159. Castelijn, G.A.A., Parabirsing, J. A., Zwietering, M. H., Moezelaar, R., and Tjakko, A, Surface behaviour of S. Typhimurium, S. Derby, S. Brandenburg and S. Infantis. 2013. Veterinary Microbiology. 161(3- 4): 305–314. 160. Nitschke, M., et al., Surfactin reduces the adhesion of food-borne pathogenic bacteria to solid surfaces. 2009. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 49(2): 241-247. 161. Leriche, V. and B. Carpentier, Viable but Nonculturable Salmonella Typhimurium in Single- and Binary-Species Biofilms in Response to Chlorine Treatment. 1995. Journal of Food Protection. 58(11): 1186- 1191. 162. Olsen J, E., et al., Cross-contamination with Salmonella on a broiler slaughterhouse line demonstrated by use of epidemiological markers. 2003. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 94: 826 - 835. 163. Nesse, L., Nordby, K, Heir, E., Bergsjoe, B., Vardund, T., Nygaard, H, Molecular analyses of Salmonella enterica isolates from fish feed factories and fish feed ingredients. 2003. Appl Environ Microbiol. 69: 1075 - 1081. 164. Barnes, L., Lo, M., Adams, M., and Chamberlain, A., Effect of Milk Proteins on Adhesion of Bacteria to Stainless Steel Surfaces. 1999. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65(10): 4543-4548. Page 240
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Salmonella enterica - biofilm forma
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Table of Contents Page Number 1.16.
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Table of Contents Page Number 4.1.2
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Table of Contents Page Number 6.8.4
Page 10 and 11:
List of Abbreviations Table Page Nu
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List of Abbreviations List of Abbre
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Summary of Content Summary of Conte
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“To show your true ability is alw
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Acknowledgements ever met, Fiona th
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Acknowledgements This Ph.D. thesis
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Chapter 1 1.1. Salmonella Salmonell
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Chapter 1 may impose enormous costs
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Chapter 1 cracks or penetration of
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Chapter 1 detected by agglutination
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Chapter 1 become colonized with >10
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Chapter 1 antigens [z27],[z45] [1].
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Chapter 1 S. Agona has also been im
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Chapter 1 isolated from undercooked
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Chapter 1 The S. Typhimurium strain
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Chapter 1 ecosystem with the use of
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Chapter 1 [82]. Previous research h
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Chapter 1 to genes involved in flag
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Chapter 1 observation has also been
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Chapter 1 [119] and flow cell react
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Chapter 1 based disinfectant) the s
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Chapter 1 formation of two strains
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Chapter 1 shield the S. Agona cells
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Chapter 1 Key Objectives of this st
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Chapter 2 2. Abstract Food-borne pa
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Chapter 2 indicated that there may
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Chapter 2 taken from industrial set
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Chapter 2 2.1.4. CDC Biofilm Reacto
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Chapter 2 can be performed without
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Chapter 2 To summarise, previous au
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Chapter 2 2.3. Methods for examinin
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Chapter 2 and the biofilm formed th
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Chapter 2 2.4. Statistical Analysis
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Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Strain charact
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Chapter 2 XII. The gas port and med
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Chapter 2 II. Primary fixative cons
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Chapter 2 IX. Once the conditions w
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Image of CBR
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Chapter 2 2.6. Results 2.6.1. Asses
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Chapter 2 2.6.3. SEM Analysis of su
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6: Complete remo
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Chapter 2 2.6.5. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 2.6.6. Mean log 10 densit
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 2 The results displayed in
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Chapter 2 Table 2.7: Difference bet
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Chapter 2 Table 2.8: The mean log 1
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.7: Graph of the
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Chapter 2 also used “high” soni
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Chapter 2 2.8. Summary All 13 strai
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Chapter 3 3. Abstract It has been e
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Chapter 3 classified as persistent
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Chapter 3 was plated onto TSA for e
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: The mean log
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: SEM image of
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Chapter 3 Table 3.2: Difference bet
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Chapter 3 3.4.3. Intra-serovar vari
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Chapter 3 3.4.4. Strain variation i
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Chapter 3 3.4.5. The density of bio
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Chapter 3 3.5. Discussion As illust
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Chapter 3 As discussed in section 3
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Chapter 3 increased biofilm appeare
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Chapter 4 Examining the efficacy of
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Chapter 4 through laboratory based
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Chapter 4 acid and quaternary ammon
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Chapter 4 the surface the temperatu
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Chapter 4 availability of multiple
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Chapter 4 peracetic acid (100, 200,
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Chapter 4 As discussed previously,
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Chapter 4 Dey/Engley (Difco) neutra
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Chapter 4 sterilisation was achieve
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Chapter 4 IX. Aliquots of 100µl of
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Chapter 4 XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX
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Chapter 4 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Suspe
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Chapter 4 Table 4.3: Mean log 10 de
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Chapter 4 Benzalkonium chloride was
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Chapter 4 4.4. Discussion Suspensio
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Chapter 4 effective at eliminating
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Chapter 4 Surprisingly, Nguyen et a
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Chapter 4 though a contact time of
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Chapter 4 provide a more standardis
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Chapter 4 hours instead of the stan
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Chapter 5 5. Abstract Examining bio
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Chapter 5 dry and rough (bdar) morp
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Chapter 5 absence of curli and cell
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Chapter 5 studies such as the micro
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Chapter 5 discussed in chapter 4. T
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Chapter 5 5.2. Methods 5.2.1. Colon
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Chapter 5 XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.
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Chapter 5 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX
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Chapter 5 5.3.2. Repeatability of m
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.2: Stained biofi
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Chapter 5 was formed at room temper
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Chapter 5 Table 5.3: The density of
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Chapter 5 5.3.4. The density of bio
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Chapter 5 Table 5.6: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.7: The difference
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Chapter 5 Table 5.8: Summary of ass
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Chapter 5 interpretation therefore
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Chapter 5 measures of S. enterica b
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 5 cells peaks [165, 191]. D
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 5 5.5. Limitations of the s
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 6 Discussion of S. enterica
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 6 However, a number of auth
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 6 It is of interest to exam
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 6 were similar at 48 hours.
Page 222 and 223: Chapter 6 attributable to a small n
Page 224 and 225: Chapter 6 chosen as an appropriate
Page 226 and 227: Chapter 6 undetermined. However, th
Page 228 and 229: Chapter 6 reason for this may be du
Page 230 and 231: Chapter 6 Moreover, based on the re
Page 232 and 233: Chapter 6 responsible for increased
Page 234 and 235: Chapter 6 not fully capture the ran
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 6 However, the extent of bi
Page 238 and 239: Chapter 6 6.10. Conclusions and rec
Page 240 and 241: Chapter 6 studies may solve some of
Page 242 and 243: Bibliography Bibliography Page 221
Page 244 and 245: Bibliography 12. T. Takata, J.L., H
Page 246 and 247: Bibliography 29. Barker, J., M. Nae
Page 248 and 249: Bibliography 47. Threlfall, E.J., H
Page 250 and 251: Bibliography 65. CDC. Investigation
Page 252 and 253: Bibliography 83. Ledeboer, N., Frye
Page 254 and 255: Bibliography 100. Chia, T., Goulter
Page 256 and 257: Bibliography 117. Buckingham-Meyer,
Page 258 and 259: Bibliography 133. European Committe
Page 262 and 263: Bibliography 165. Díez-García, M.
Page 264 and 265: Bibliography cultivation of Staphyl
Page 266 and 267: Bibliography Compounds. 2012. Appli
Page 268 and 269: Bibliography 215. Buck, et al., A q
Page 270 and 271: Bibliography Canadian Journal of Ps
Page 272 and 273: Appendix 1 Appendix 1— List of Re
Page 274 and 275: Appendix 1 Appendix 1 - List of Equ
Page 276 and 277: Appendix 2 Colour index High outlie
Page 286 and 287: Appendix 3 Appendix 3-Figure 2: PFG
Page 288 and 289: Appendix 4 Poster Presentation Envi
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