Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

200 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy
A
B
Fig. 2-180 A and B, A 3-month-old female Doberman Pinscher with a 1-week history of cough.
There is a focal area of interstitial density in the right caudal lung lobe (arrows). There is a generalized
increase in pulmonary interstitial densities. These findings suggest viral pneumonia complicated
by secondary bacterial infection. Diagnosis: Canine distemper.
C O N G E S T I V E L E F T H E A RT FA I LU R E
An early stage of left heart failure will produce interstitial edema, which starts in the hilar
region and progresses peripherally. With interstitial edema, the enlarged pulmonary
veins still may be visible. Left-sided cardiac enlargement with a large left atrium is
observed most often. On occasion, the pulmonary density is more severe in one lung
lobe. When this occurs, a superimposed bacterial infection or other process should be
suspected.
LY M P H O M A
Lymphoma involving the pulmonary parenchyma is less common than other presentations
of this disease. 539,569-571 When present, it typically will produce a disseminated interstitial
infiltrate, which is often more severe in the perihilar area (Figs. 2-183 and 2-184).
Multifocal nodular densities, alveolar infiltrates, and pleural fluid have been observed.
Tracheobronchial, sternal, or extrathoracic lymphadenopathy may be present and provide
important information leading to the diagnosis.
M E TA S TAT I C N E O P L A S I A
A poorly defined, diffuse interstitial pattern and, rarely, an alveolar pattern occasionally
may be present (Fig. 2-185). 572 This has been described as lymphangitic metastasis or
pulmonary carcinomatosis, although neoplasms other than metastatic carcinoma may
produce this pattern. Coalescence of the densities produces more solid-appearing masses
or nodules without air bronchograms. Bronchial compression, distortion, or displacement
may be visible. Lymphadenopathy is infrequent and air bronchograms rarely occur.
P U L M O N A RY H E M O R R H AG E
Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage may occur in animals with disseminated intravascular
coagulation or other coagulopathies, such as warfarin poisoning or von Willebrand’s