Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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Chapter Three The Abd omen 429 Fig. 3-233 A 7-year-old female domestic short-haired cat with anorexia for 2 days. The lateral radiograph revealed massive uterine enlargement that displaced the abdominal organs cranially and slightly dorsally. Differential diagnoses include uterine enlargement (pregnancy, pyometra, or mucometra), distention of the urinary bladder, or mass arising from the caudal abdominal organs. Diagnosis: Pyometra. monly are accompanied by a large amount of peritoneal fluid, usually due to tumor seeding of the peritoneum, and this masks their presence. It must be remembered that the ovaries are intraperitoneal. Therefore, depending on the size of the ovarian mass, it may be indistinguishable from bowel and it will migrate to a position adjacent to the bowel. Mineralization may be seen in ovarian masses, but it is not a reliable indicator of whether the mass is malignant or benign. Ultrasonography can provide architectural insight on ovarian masses. U T E RU S A N D VAG I N A The uterus is not readily visualized by radiography unless it becomes enlarged. 50,757 In a fat dog, the uterine body may be visible dorsal to or superimposed upon the bladder and ventral to the colon on the lateral radiograph. When enlarged, the uterus becomes visible as a tubular soft-tissue structure that displaces the small intestine cranially, dorsally, and toward the midline. The uterus folds upon itself and appears oval or sausage shaped. Although fluidfilled distended loops of intestine may create a similar appearance, the presence of gas within the intestines is an important feature that helps to distinguish between an enlarged uterus and distended small intestines. Uterine disease may be classified according to primary changes in uterine location, such as torsion and herniation, and primary changes in the uterine wall or lumen. 758-797 Diffuse enlargement of the uterus may be due to pregnancy, postpartum, hemorrhage, infection such as pyometra or endometritis, accumulation of secretions such as mucometra or hydrometra, subinvolution, or neoplasia (Fig. 3-233). 769-797 In both the dog and the cat the differentiation of these conditions may be difficult based solely on radiographic signs. If the cervix is open, allowing the uterus to drain, or if it is early in the process, the uterus may not be readily apparent. In these instances, abdominal compression may aid in defining the uterus (Fig. 3-234). Displacing the intestines cranially away from the urinary bladder often allows the uterine body to become visible because it cannot be displaced. Although pyometra usually involves the entire uterus, only one horn or only one portion of one horn may be affected. Local or segmental uterine enlargement may be due to segmental pyometra, neoplasia, granuloma, and retained fetal or placental remnants. In cats, uterine infection may cause a series of segmental enlargements that mimic pregnancy (Fig. 3-235). Infection of the uterine stump in spayed dogs and cats may be recognized as a mass between the colon and urinary bladder (Fig. 3-236). Tumors of the uterus may appear to be focal masses, a segmental horn, or diffuse enlargement depending on whether or not the mass limits passage of uterine contents (Fig. 3-237). Contrast procedures for the canine or feline uterus are performed infrequently. These can be technically difficult and require infusion of contrast medium through the cervix or retrograde from the vagina. 798,799
Fig. 3-234 A 7-year-old female Brittany Spaniel with polyuria and polydipsia for 1 week. The survey radiographs were within normal limits. Because pyometra was a strong clinical suspicion, a lateral compression (“spoon”) view was performed. This revealed a visible uterus that was larger than normal (normally the uterus is not seen). Differential diagnoses include pyometra, endometritis, or mucometra. Diagnosis: Pyometra. Fig. 3-235 A 7-year-old female domestic short-haired cat with anorexia and depression for 3 days. The ventrodorsal radiograph revealed segmented tubular densities (black arrows) in the lateral portions of the caudal abdomen. Differential diagnoses include pyometra or pregnancy. Diagnosis: Pyometra.
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SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier Sci
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C H A P T E R O N E Introduction GE
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Chapter One Introduction 3 Fig. 1-1
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metal. Soft tissues or organs surro
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Inadequate penetration will result
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Chapter One Introduction 9 signal i
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Chapter One Introduction 11 previou
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Chapter One Introduction 13 Mach ba
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Chapter One Introduction 15 malitie
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Chapter One Introduction 17 indicat
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Chapter One Introduction 19 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 21 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 23 24. Lev
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26 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ult
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A B C Fig. 2-63 A 10-year-old male
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100 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ul
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Fig. 2-101 A 7-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 4-59 A 9-year-old female Russi
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Fig. 4-73 A 2-year-old female Saint
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Fig. 4-97 A 10-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 4-107 A 4-year-old male Chow C
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I N D E X A Abdomen, abnormal prese
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Index 729 Bone, cysts of, 525-527,
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Index 731 Ear, abscess of—cont’
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Index 733 Hydrocephalus—cont’d
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Index 735 Lungs. See also Pulmonary
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Index 737 Pregnancy, determination
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Index 739 S-shaped aortic deformity
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Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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