Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

Chapter Three The Abd omen 371
A
Fig. 3-141 An 11-year-old female Jack Russell Terrier with polycythemia. A, On the radiograph
made immediately after injection of the contrast medium there is homogeneous opacification of the
renal parenchyma. The other abdominal organs are also highlighted due to the contrast medium in
the vascular compartment. This is the nephrogram phase of the excretory urogram in which the contrast
medium is mainly in the vascular compartments and renal tubules. B, The radiograph taken 30
minutes after injection revealed clearly defined diverticula of the collecting system, which contain
contrast medium (black arrow) and pseudopapillae (tissue spaces between the diverticula) (white
arrow) as well as pelvic sinuses (small black arrowhead) and proximal ureters (small white arrowhead).
This is the late pyelogram phase of the excretory urogram. Diagnosis: Normal excretory urogram.
B
A
Fig. 3-142 A 10-year-old neutered female domestic short-haired cat with hematuria and cystic calculi.
A, On the radiograph made immediately after contrast medium injection there is homogeneous
opacification of the kidneys. This is the nephrogram. B, The radiograph taken 15 minutes after contrast
injection revealed clearly defined diverticula (black arrow), pseudopapillae (white arrow), pelvic
sinus (small black arrowhead), and proximal ureters (small white arrowhead). This is the pyelogram
phase. Diagnosis: Normal excretory urogram.
B
around the caudal abdomen to occlude the ureters by compression. This will induce a mild
iatrogenic hydroureter and hydronephrosis, which may make the renal outline and collecting
structures much more apparent (Fig. 3-143). However, this is not recommended unless
absolutely necessary because of the effects on renal function that can persist after the compression
is released. 128 Although glucagon has been used to achieve renal pelvic and
ureteral dilation, we do not recommend its use. The pseudopapillae, which are renal structures
between the pelvic recesses, should come to relatively sharp points. Occasionally, the