Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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Chapter Three The Abd omen 315 Fig. 3-79 A 12-year-old neutered female Dachshund with acute abdominal distention. The lateral view revealed that the stomach is severely distended with food and gas. Differential diagnoses include gastric distention from overeating, gastric outflow obstruction, or gastric distention with volvulus. There is no segmentation of the stomach or displacement of the pylorus from its normal position. Diagnosis: Acute gastric distention. Only a few morphology-distorting diseases that affect the stomach are not recognizable on survey radiographs, especially if the stomach contains air or if air is administered to the patient by stomach tube. Most radiographic changes seen with these diseases affect either the mucosa or wall of the stomach, and these structures can be delineated by air. If a portion of the stomach is difficult to evaluate due to the presence of normal gastric fluid, positional maneuvers, which take advantage of the gravitational effect on air and fluid, can be used to define that portion of the stomach. Gastric masses, such as tumor, granuloma, or gastrogastric intussusception, may be identified on noncontrast radiographs when air is present within the stomach. 328 Using both right and left lateral, sternal, and dorsal recumbent radiographs, air within the stomach can be manipulated to define all areas of the stomach. This will often allow for a diagnosis to be made and saves the cost and stress of a GI series. As with a contrast study, it is important to identify the lesion on multiple radiographs in order to be confident that the abnormality observed is not merely an artifact. Infiltrative lesions of the gastric wall, such as tumors or granulomas, may interfere with normal gastric distention and may alter the shape of the stomach. Although shape alteration is usually the result of gastric wall lesions, incarceration of the stomach by the omentum can also alter the stomach’s shape because it will interfere with gastric distention. Some of these diseases may only be identified using either the GI series or double-contrast gastrogram. Some gastric diseases, such as nonulcerative gastritis, rarely have recognizable changes even on contrast gastrography, and confirmation of the diagnosis requires endoscopy or biopsy. Gastrointestinal Series. For complete evaluation of the stomach during the GI series, ventrodorsal, dorsoventral, and right and left lateral radiographs should be taken initially, and at least a ventrodorsal or dorsoventral and a lateral view (choice of which depends upon the area most suspected of harboring pathology) should be taken thereafter as the study progresses (Fig. 3-82). The choice of which views to take (right versus left lateral, dorsoventral versus ventrodorsal) may be determined by which position the animal is most comfortable in or by which view shows a suspicious abnormality. It is very important that multiple views be taken during the study, because the most important diagnostic criterion is the repeatability of a lesion.
316 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy Fig. 3-80 A 5-year-old spayed Siberian Husky with acute abdominal distention. A, On the lateral view there is marked gaseous distention of the stomach and esophagus (white e). There is a segmented appearance to the stomach caused by its twisting. The pylorus (white p) is seen cranial to the fundus (white f). B, On the ventrodorsal view the pylorus (white p) and duodenum (white d) are seen left of the midline and appear cranial to the fundus (white f), which is seen right of the midline. Diagnosis: Gastric dilation and volvulus. A B
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SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier Sci
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C H A P T E R O N E Introduction GE
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Chapter One Introduction 3 Fig. 1-1
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metal. Soft tissues or organs surro
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Inadequate penetration will result
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Chapter One Introduction 9 signal i
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Chapter One Introduction 11 previou
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Chapter One Introduction 13 Mach ba
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Chapter One Introduction 15 malitie
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Chapter One Introduction 17 indicat
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Chapter One Introduction 19 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 21 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 23 24. Lev
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26 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ult
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A B C Fig. 2-63 A 10-year-old male
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Fig. 2-101 A 7-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 3-234 A 7-year-old female Brit
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Fig. 4-59 A 9-year-old female Russi
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Fig. 4-73 A 2-year-old female Saint
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Fig. 4-97 A 10-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 4-107 A 4-year-old male Chow C
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I N D E X A Abdomen, abnormal prese
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Index 729 Bone, cysts of, 525-527,
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Index 731 Ear, abscess of—cont’
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Index 733 Hydrocephalus—cont’d
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Index 735 Lungs. See also Pulmonary
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Index 737 Pregnancy, determination
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Index 739 S-shaped aortic deformity
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Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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