Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

Chapter Three The Abd omen 419
A
B
Fig. 3-218 Transverse (A and C)
and longitudinal (B and D) sonograms
of the urinary bladder of a 4-
year-old male Great Dane with a
history of hematuria of 4 months
duration. There is an echogenic mass
within the urinary bladder. The mass
changes position and shape with
changes in the dog’s position and
always remains in the dorsal
(dependent) portion of the urinary
bladder. This indicates that the mass
is not arising from or attached to the
bladder wall and therefore represents
a blood clot rather than a bladder
wall mass. Diagnosis: Blood clot in
the urinary bladder.
C
D
A
B
Fig. 3-219 A to C, Longitudinal
sonograms of the urinary bladder of
an 11-year-old female Dachshund
with a history of abdominal distention
and polycythemia. There is a
highly echogenic cystic calculus visible
in all three images. Shadowing is
present deep to the cystic calculus. It
is most obvious in the first image
(white arrows), is less evident in B,
and there is no shadowing observed
in C. Diagnosis: Cystic calculus.
C
the base of the os penis in the male dog, or at the urethral papilla in the female dog (Fig. 3-222).
Urethral calculi usually lodge in the distal penile urethra in the cat. Occasionally, fractures of
the os penis may be seen, and if significant callus has formed this may interfere with urination.
A urethrogram is required in many urethral diseases to characterize the lesions that are
present. 433-435,453,569 The normal urethrogram should outline a smooth, regular tube
throughout the entire urethral length, with slight narrowing at the ischial arch and pelvic
brim in the male dog. The appearance of the prostatic portion of the urethra will
vary depending on whether the retrograde study is performed with the bladder distended