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Figure 5.23 Anglo-Cypriot trade in oranges, 1970-92. 60000 t 50000 Orange importa to Ihe UK from Cyprus " Orange exporta to the UK from the Govt controlled aiea h h h t - h h t ^ h h h o S M M c o o l i i O M i o o c i o o o i O i O i c \ o , \ C \ o \ o \ o \ ^ \ o \ o \ o \ O N O \ o \ o \ Q , t O \ o \ o \ o \ o > o > o > o \ Source: "Overseas Trade Stat's of the UK", HMSO, "Stat's of Imports & Exports", Dept, of Stat's & Research, Nicosia. By 1980, the marketing of the north's key export, oranges, to the dominant market, the UK, had surpassed its pre-war peak of 1973 (Figure 5.24 above, for an explanation of the data behind the graph, see footnote 102), with an overwhelming majority of orange production deriving from the re-organised (but pre-Nadir) groves of northern Cyprus. 285
Figure 5.24 Proportion of citrus exports from northern Cyprus destined for the UK (by value), 1975-1993 . Source: [Annual] Import & Export Statistics, "Ministry" of Economy & Finaiice, north Nicosia. As before the région again exported most Cypriot oranges, the overwhelming majority of which still went to the UK. If anything, however, the role of the UK as the main market for the produce of northern Cyprus accelerated after the régions de facto change in administration. It is however difficult to say just how dépendent the région was on the UK market prior to 1974, not having been administered separately. With the preponderance of British tourists and the most populär destinations being in what is now the north, and with the north being the origin for most export agriculture, in which Britain was a key market, it would appear however, that Britain was the most important trading partner with the région prior to 1974. The subsequent role of Britain in maintaining a separate Turkish-Cypriot entity after 1974 seems significant, particularly after 1978. The early loss of the region's mining sector, transitional problems in the tobacco industry and the diminished role of both international tourism and manufacturing in the initial phase of development, thrust the région back to relying 286
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the e
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Table Of Contents Page Change in ec
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List Of Figures 2.27 Revenue from t
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List Of Figures 5.25 Main destinati
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List Of Figures 7.8 The degree of o
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List Of Tables 6.7 All island, Gree
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This thesis will examine the econom
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Vassiliou's classic work 5 publishe
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As many questions raised by economi
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Figure 1.1 The structure of recent
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In terms of the topic of this thesi
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political landmark coincides with a
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were the mechanisms which encourage
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however, Chapter 5 concentrates on
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Defining the title The first priori
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such? Is northern Cyprus simply run
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unlike Greece in 1923, were already
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itself as having been literally und
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economic history, Christodoulou's s
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incurred as a resuit of eonfl ict.
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Christodoulou has concentrated his
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any credit for successful economic
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anking technology, administrative c
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(which usually has a regressive imp
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contribution did labour remittances
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having been inspired by Zetter's in
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econstruction also provided a means
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Conclusion In analysing the extent
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he drew distinct analogies with the
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in Cyprus. The main objective is a
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The war proved a watershed in many
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Uruguay, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago
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financial, property and business se
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By 1960 exports represented over 20
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Table 2.1 Domestic Exports FOB in 1
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the period (1960-73), the différen
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Figure 2.4 Principal exports as a p
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producing 12% of GDP. Tourism (rest
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considerably more than Turkey, whos
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income. Mining and quarrying (now m
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Figure 2.10 Principal exports as a
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Figure 2.12 The Destination of the
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Figure 2.14 Ambiguous indicators: T
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Figure 2.15 Sìze of manufacturing
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By 1980 the economy of the Republic
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The scale of the disruption in the
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Whether taking the optimists approa
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financing from financial markets pi
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grew rapidly. In the immediate afte
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One of the major problems facing th
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coming, only concerning policy make
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with particular bottlenecks affecti
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"We attributed this finding to the
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aiding the recovery from the coup a
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employment: rapidly rising real ear
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Until the intervention of public fi
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to pick the Republic of Cyprus as t
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of offshore companies registered in
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Figure 2.27 Revenue from the offsho
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Figure 2.29 The changing compositio
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The structure of the economy, the c
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CHAPTER 3. The foundations of Takis
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Famagusta enclaves would be over-ru
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The historical context of separate
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generally concentrated in the lower
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agreed Constitution. Seemingly Clar
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séparation of the communities bega
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UN. 37 Some additional supplies mus
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Seemingly, by 1970 the Nicosia encl
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was made on the basis of a fixed in
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derived from Turkish transfer payme
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Patrick has offered a more complica
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spare parts and maintenance materia
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Emphasising the growing divisions b
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Chamber, Rauf Denktash, said people
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Figure 3.2 Thepossible economic eff
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produced by them rises significantl
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Committee" was the area military co
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February 1975 the latter bodies set
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The first five-year pian, published
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CHAPTER 4. The construction of a Tu
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Whilst the Turkish-Cypriot leadersh
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of supply, and/or marketing, in key
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shipment of 2000 tons of foodstuffs
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Eti still operateci out of Nicosia,
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institutions in northern Cyprus amo
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with multipurpose co-operatives, a
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A few new co-operatives were formed
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loans. Savings Banks do have access
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espectively. The Famagusta branch w
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Cypriot) Government in the 1960s, t
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increasing costs 31 . This is perha
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packages imported raffinate, supply
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a monopoly respectively. Where ther
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Evkaf is an Islamic organisation fo
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Evkaf had a largely obscure economi
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Meanwhile a little noticed phenomen
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After the summer of 1974, the Turki
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monitored Ledra Place check-point,
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the early eighties, when Turkish ar
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Figure 4.3 Number of tourists from
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the situation that had existed prio
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stay arrivais or diminish with the
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competing with the longer establish
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flexibility of family business stru
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Ltd., Turkish-Cypriots eventually g
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dominateci by: textiles, footwear a
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force of national cohésion, change
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Figure 4.9 Main Citrus Exporters in
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Ismail Bozkurt (who secured 32.1% o
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Table 4.9 Citrus exports from north
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Ultimately the failure to act on pr
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CHAFTER 5: Re-establishing economic
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prospects of their respective de fa
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Figure 5.1 Change in Cypriot GDP as
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{0 perceive the de facto situation
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Page 243 and 244: imports (Figure 5.5). The extent to
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Page 247 and 248: If "a leading sector in the process
Page 249 and 250: Just to put minds at rest that manu
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Page 253 and 254: Figure 5.13 Gross domestic fixed ca
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Page 267 and 268: overwhelming dependence on a genera
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Page 273 and 274: Figure 5.20 Orange production as a
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Page 277 and 278: Unlike the vineyards where most of
Page 279 and 280: Although not important in the initi
Page 281 and 282: Having said this, constant improvem
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Page 285: some of the labour intensive stages
Page 289 and 290: to treat exports from the whole of
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Page 293 and 294: Figure 6.1 Percentage change in GNP
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Page 303 and 304: Figure 6.6 Communal income in 1980,
Page 305 and 306: Selecting peers as proxies for pan-
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Page 311 and 312: Figure 6.9 Micro Economies; average
Page 313 and 314: Figure 6.11 Micro Economies; averag
Page 315 and 316: Figure 6.13 The level of government
Page 317 and 318: Figure 6.14 "More Developed Medìte
Page 319 and 320: Figure 6.17 "More DevelopedMediterr
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Page 323 and 324: Figure 6.22 Structure of production
Page 325 and 326: Figure 6.26 Degree of openness in t
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Page 329 and 330: implication, developmental différe
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Page 333 and 334: namely investment rates 54 (in phys
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Figure 6.28 Average annual growth i
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Figure 6.29 How Cyprusfared in 1980
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Figure 6.30 Total Cypriot income 19
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o.zö; may reveai someimng 01 ine e
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developments elsewhere. The relativ
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unified economy) of 1963, Cyprus is
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CHAPTER 7. Conclusion 348 Comparati
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Turkish-Cypriot economy stagnateci.
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So it is worth looking again at the
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stand out however, revealing enough
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Figure 7.3 Gross domestic investmen
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Figure 7.5 "TRNC netforeign trade a
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Figure 7.8 The degree of openness i
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control. There seems to be ampie ex
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The role of tourism in the economic
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seem to be able to grow in line wit
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Comparisons throughout this thesis
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The Cyprus Mail Hellenic Group. Nic
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I.M.F. International Financial Stat
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1982. Fourth Emergency Economic Act
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"Turkish Federated State of Kibris"
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leadership of the two communities o
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"administrations" and key economic
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Bicak, H.A. (June) 1990. "The Impac
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Hudson, J. and Dyniotou-Jensen M. 1
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Mcdonald, R. 1989. The Problem of C
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Solsten, E. (ed.) 1993. Cvprus: A c
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