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List Of Figures 5.4 Manufacturing exports 1970-1982. 241 5.5 Total exports (f.o.b.) as a % of total imports (c.i.f.), 1970-1982. 242 5.6 Sectoral distribution of GDP in market prices, 1973 to 1982. 243 5.7 Employment in manufacturing and construction; rise, decline and 245 recovery, 1970-1982. 5.8 Income generated by manufacturing and construction (in constant 246 1980 prices and US$), 1970-1982. 5.9 Percentage change in employment on previous year, by broad 248 sector: manufacturing & tourism, 1971-1982. 5.10 The contribution of tourism & manufacturing to GDP in the 249 Republic of Cyprus (in constant 1980 US$) 1970-1982. 5.11 The changing proportion of public sector investment in new 250 building construction, 1965-1992. 5.12 Housing as a proportion of total new building construction, 1973- 251 1993. 5.13 Gross domestic fixed capital formation (GCF): distribution of 252 public and private sector investment, 1973 - 1991. 5.14 Looking for "crowding out"; the share of public and private gross 254 fixed capital formation (GCF) in current prices, 1973-1982. 5.15 Personal and building loans as a proportion of bank* and credit 257 society** lending, 1968-1991. 5.16 Contributions from abroad; the rise in officiai aid and remittances, 258 1970-1991. 5.17 Agricultural employment as a % of total Turkish-Cypriot 268 employment, 1977-1992. 5.18 Agricultural & public service employment as a % of total Turkish- 269 Cypriot employment, 1977-1992. 5.19 Proportion of exports from northern Cyprus (by value) made up 270 by fresh citrus products, 1977-1990. 5.20 Orange production as a % of total citrus output in northern 272 Cyprus, 1975-1990. 5.21 Output per hectare in northern Cyprus of orange & total citrus 275 production in metric tonnes, 1975-1990. 5.22 Orange output and area under orange cultivation in the northern 281 Cyprus, 1975-90. 5.23 Anglo-Cypriot trade in oranges, 1970-92. 285 5.24 Proportion of citrus exports from northern Cyprus destined for the 286 UK (by value), 1975-1993 . Page 7
List Of Figures 5.25 Main destinations of exports from northern Cyprus by value, 1976 287 1990. 5.26 Looking for the hand of Polly Peck; exports from northern 288 Cyprus as a % of imports, 1976-1990. 6.1 Percentage change in GNP on previous year (in constant prices). 292 6.2 Projected Cypriot GNP compared with Greek & Turkish-Cypriot 296 GNP after 1963 6.3 Actual & projected income in 1980, assuming 1951-63 growth 297 trends persisi. 6.4 Projected all-Cypriot GNP compared with actual Greek and 300 Turkish-Cypriot income after 1973. 6.5 Actual & projected income in 1980, assuming 1960-73 growth 301 trends persist & Turkish-Cypriots regain 1963 income shares. 6.6 Communal income in 1980, assuming growth continues aiong the 302 1960-73 trend & the communities retain their 1973 shares. 6.7 Structure of production; % of GDP deriving from agriculture and 308 industry in the Micro Economies in 1960. 6.8 Micro Economies per capita income in 1960 309 6.9 Micro Economies; average annual percentage growth in real per 310 capita GDP 1951-63. 6.10 Degree of openness in the Micro Economies; Imports & exports 311 as a percentage of GDP, 1951-60. 6.11 Micro Economies; average investment levels as a percentage of 312 GDP, 1950-63. 6.12 Human capital development in the Micro Economies; primary & 313 secondary school enrolment in 1960. 6.13 The level of government consumption in the Micro Economies as 314 a % of GDP in 1955, '60 & '65. 6.14 "More Developed Mediterranean" per capita income in 1960 316 6.15 Structure of production; % of GDP deriving from agriculture and 316 industry in the "MDM" économies in 1960. 6.16 Human capital development in the "More Developed 317 Mediterranean" économies; primary & secondary school 6.17 "More Developed Mediterranean"; average annual percentage 318 growth in real per capita GDP 1951-63. 6.18 "More Developed Mediterranean"; average investment levels as a 319 percentage of GDP, 1950-63. Page 8
Page 1 and 2: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT This thesis examines the e
Page 5 and 6: Table Of Contents Page Change in ec
Page 7: List Of Figures 2.27 Revenue from t
Page 11 and 12: List Of Figures 7.8 The degree of o
Page 13 and 14: List Of Tables 6.7 All island, Gree
Page 15 and 16: This thesis will examine the econom
Page 17 and 18: Vassiliou's classic work 5 publishe
Page 19 and 20: As many questions raised by economi
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.1 The structure of recent
Page 23 and 24: In terms of the topic of this thesi
Page 25 and 26: political landmark coincides with a
Page 27 and 28: were the mechanisms which encourage
Page 29 and 30: however, Chapter 5 concentrates on
Page 31 and 32: Defining the title The first priori
Page 33 and 34: such? Is northern Cyprus simply run
Page 35 and 36: unlike Greece in 1923, were already
Page 37 and 38: itself as having been literally und
Page 39 and 40: economic history, Christodoulou's s
Page 41 and 42: incurred as a resuit of eonfl ict.
Page 43 and 44: Christodoulou has concentrated his
Page 45 and 46: any credit for successful economic
Page 47 and 48: anking technology, administrative c
Page 49 and 50: (which usually has a regressive imp
Page 51 and 52: contribution did labour remittances
Page 53 and 54: having been inspired by Zetter's in
Page 55 and 56: econstruction also provided a means
Page 57 and 58: Conclusion In analysing the extent
Page 59 and 60:
he drew distinct analogies with the
Page 61 and 62:
in Cyprus. The main objective is a
Page 63 and 64:
The war proved a watershed in many
Page 65 and 66:
Uruguay, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago
Page 67 and 68:
financial, property and business se
Page 69 and 70:
By 1960 exports represented over 20
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Table 2.1 Domestic Exports FOB in 1
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the period (1960-73), the différen
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Figure 2.4 Principal exports as a p
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producing 12% of GDP. Tourism (rest
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considerably more than Turkey, whos
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income. Mining and quarrying (now m
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Figure 2.10 Principal exports as a
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 2.12 The Destination of the
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 2.14 Ambiguous indicators: T
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2.15 Sìze of manufacturing
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By 1980 the economy of the Republic
Page 93 and 94:
The scale of the disruption in the
Page 95 and 96:
Whether taking the optimists approa
Page 97 and 98:
financing from financial markets pi
Page 99 and 100:
grew rapidly. In the immediate afte
Page 101 and 102:
One of the major problems facing th
Page 103 and 104:
coming, only concerning policy make
Page 105 and 106:
with particular bottlenecks affecti
Page 107 and 108:
"We attributed this finding to the
Page 109 and 110:
aiding the recovery from the coup a
Page 111 and 112:
employment: rapidly rising real ear
Page 113 and 114:
Until the intervention of public fi
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to pick the Republic of Cyprus as t
Page 117 and 118:
of offshore companies registered in
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Figure 2.27 Revenue from the offsho
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Figure 2.29 The changing compositio
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The structure of the economy, the c
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER 3. The foundations of Takis
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Famagusta enclaves would be over-ru
Page 129 and 130:
The historical context of separate
Page 131 and 132:
generally concentrated in the lower
Page 133 and 134:
agreed Constitution. Seemingly Clar
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séparation of the communities bega
Page 137 and 138:
UN. 37 Some additional supplies mus
Page 139 and 140:
Seemingly, by 1970 the Nicosia encl
Page 141 and 142:
was made on the basis of a fixed in
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derived from Turkish transfer payme
Page 145 and 146:
Patrick has offered a more complica
Page 147 and 148:
spare parts and maintenance materia
Page 149 and 150:
Emphasising the growing divisions b
Page 151 and 152:
Chamber, Rauf Denktash, said people
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Figure 3.2 Thepossible economic eff
Page 155 and 156:
produced by them rises significantl
Page 157 and 158:
Committee" was the area military co
Page 159 and 160:
February 1975 the latter bodies set
Page 161 and 162:
The first five-year pian, published
Page 163 and 164:
CHAPTER 4. The construction of a Tu
Page 165 and 166:
Whilst the Turkish-Cypriot leadersh
Page 167 and 168:
of supply, and/or marketing, in key
Page 169 and 170:
shipment of 2000 tons of foodstuffs
Page 171 and 172:
Eti still operateci out of Nicosia,
Page 173 and 174:
institutions in northern Cyprus amo
Page 175 and 176:
with multipurpose co-operatives, a
Page 177 and 178:
A few new co-operatives were formed
Page 179 and 180:
loans. Savings Banks do have access
Page 181 and 182:
espectively. The Famagusta branch w
Page 183 and 184:
Cypriot) Government in the 1960s, t
Page 185 and 186:
increasing costs 31 . This is perha
Page 187 and 188:
packages imported raffinate, supply
Page 189 and 190:
a monopoly respectively. Where ther
Page 191 and 192:
Evkaf is an Islamic organisation fo
Page 193 and 194:
Evkaf had a largely obscure economi
Page 195 and 196:
Meanwhile a little noticed phenomen
Page 197 and 198:
After the summer of 1974, the Turki
Page 199 and 200:
monitored Ledra Place check-point,
Page 201 and 202:
the early eighties, when Turkish ar
Page 203 and 204:
Figure 4.3 Number of tourists from
Page 205 and 206:
the situation that had existed prio
Page 207 and 208:
stay arrivais or diminish with the
Page 209 and 210:
competing with the longer establish
Page 211 and 212:
flexibility of family business stru
Page 213 and 214:
Ltd., Turkish-Cypriots eventually g
Page 215 and 216:
dominateci by: textiles, footwear a
Page 217 and 218:
force of national cohésion, change
Page 219 and 220:
Figure 4.9 Main Citrus Exporters in
Page 221 and 222:
Ismail Bozkurt (who secured 32.1% o
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Table 4.9 Citrus exports from north
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Ultimately the failure to act on pr
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CHAFTER 5: Re-establishing economic
Page 229 and 230:
prospects of their respective de fa
Page 231 and 232:
Figure 5.1 Change in Cypriot GDP as
Page 233 and 234:
{0 perceive the de facto situation
Page 235 and 236:
Turkey maintains that her objective
Page 237 and 238:
parliament during the unstable peri
Page 239 and 240:
case study, he argues that given en
Page 241 and 242:
Specifically, it is analysis of nat
Page 243 and 244:
imports (Figure 5.5). The extent to
Page 245 and 246:
(which includes the increasingly im
Page 247 and 248:
If "a leading sector in the process
Page 249 and 250:
Just to put minds at rest that manu
Page 251 and 252:
encouraged private sector action, t
Page 253 and 254:
Figure 5.13 Gross domestic fixed ca
Page 255 and 256:
major economic force, one that was
Page 257 and 258:
they account for around a third of
Page 259 and 260:
dominates international transfer pa
Page 261 and 262:
a "development resource" 54 , rathe
Page 263 and 264:
able to spearhead a revival aided,
Page 265 and 266:
path, policy objectives moved to co
Page 267 and 268:
overwhelming dependence on a genera
Page 269 and 270:
In the difficult times that followe
Page 271 and 272:
independence from total Turkish fin
Page 273 and 274:
Figure 5.20 Orange production as a
Page 275 and 276:
e exchanged for new "TRNC" (or, as
Page 277 and 278:
Unlike the vineyards where most of
Page 279 and 280:
Although not important in the initi
Page 281 and 282:
Having said this, constant improvem
Page 283 and 284:
compensation arrangements in the no
Page 285 and 286:
some of the labour intensive stages
Page 287 and 288:
Figure 5.24 Proportion of citrus ex
Page 289 and 290:
to treat exports from the whole of
Page 291 and 292:
seem more politically motivateci an
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 6.1 Percentage change in GNP
Page 295 and 296:
initially. The more immediate probl
Page 297 and 298:
historical phenomena (large externa
Page 299 and 300:
It has been argued that if politics
Page 301 and 302:
share of National Income to somethi
Page 303 and 304:
Figure 6.6 Communal income in 1980,
Page 305 and 306:
Selecting peers as proxies for pan-
Page 307 and 308:
growth potential to Cyprus in 1960,
Page 309 and 310:
was that compatible data should be
Page 311 and 312:
Figure 6.9 Micro Economies; average
Page 313 and 314:
Figure 6.11 Micro Economies; averag
Page 315 and 316:
Figure 6.13 The level of government
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Figure 6.14 "More Developed Medìte
Page 319 and 320:
Figure 6.17 "More DevelopedMediterr
Page 321 and 322:
Cypriot growth rate, should not dis
Page 323 and 324:
Figure 6.22 Structure of production
Page 325 and 326:
Figure 6.26 Degree of openness in t
Page 327 and 328:
economic growth 49 (variables 6-9:
Page 329 and 330:
implication, developmental différe
Page 331 and 332:
spectrum in 1980 at 38%. Perhaps le
Page 333 and 334:
namely investment rates 54 (in phys
Page 335 and 336:
instruments, the justification for
Page 337 and 338:
Figure 6.28 Average annual growth i
Page 339 and 340:
Figure 6.29 How Cyprusfared in 1980
Page 341 and 342:
Figure 6.30 Total Cypriot income 19
Page 343 and 344:
o.zö; may reveai someimng 01 ine e
Page 345 and 346:
developments elsewhere. The relativ
Page 347 and 348:
unified economy) of 1963, Cyprus is
Page 349 and 350:
CHAPTER 7. Conclusion 348 Comparati
Page 351 and 352:
Turkish-Cypriot economy stagnateci.
Page 353 and 354:
So it is worth looking again at the
Page 355 and 356:
stand out however, revealing enough
Page 357 and 358:
Figure 7.3 Gross domestic investmen
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Figure 7.5 "TRNC netforeign trade a
Page 361 and 362:
Figure 7.8 The degree of openness i
Page 363 and 364:
control. There seems to be ampie ex
Page 365 and 366:
The role of tourism in the economic
Page 367 and 368:
seem to be able to grow in line wit
Page 369 and 370:
Comparisons throughout this thesis
Page 371 and 372:
The Cyprus Mail Hellenic Group. Nic
Page 373 and 374:
I.M.F. International Financial Stat
Page 375 and 376:
1982. Fourth Emergency Economic Act
Page 377 and 378:
"Turkish Federated State of Kibris"
Page 379 and 380:
leadership of the two communities o
Page 381 and 382:
"administrations" and key economic
Page 383 and 384:
Bicak, H.A. (June) 1990. "The Impac
Page 385 and 386:
Hudson, J. and Dyniotou-Jensen M. 1
Page 387 and 388:
Mcdonald, R. 1989. The Problem of C
Page 389 and 390:
Solsten, E. (ed.) 1993. Cvprus: A c
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