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TRNC, "State" Planning Organisation. Unpublished National Accounts Statistics. (Under Secretary Ahmet Zeki Bulunc, written correspondence 15/12/1993 & 28/1/94. (January) 1994 Guide For Foreign Investors in the TRNC; The Macro Economic Indicators. northern Nicosia: "State" Planning Organisation, Prime Ministry. 1994 Manufacturing Statistics. northern Nicosia: Ministry of Economy and Finance (Trade Dept.). (October) 1994 Guide For Foreign Investors in the TRNC. northern Nicosia: "State" Planning Organisation, Prime Ministry. UN. Yearbook of International Trade Statistics. 1958 to 1991, Statistical Office of the Dept. of Economic and Social Development (formerly Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs) New York (NY). UN. Programme of Technical Assistance, 1961. Cyprus - Suggestions for a Development Programme, (the 'Thorp Report'). Prepared by Willard L. Thorp. NY: UN. UN Security Council, 12 December 1964. "Report on UNFICYP and the Cyprus Situation for the period 10 September to 12 December 1964". NY: S/6102. UN Map Collection, F6/42/11/1964, UN Headquarters, NY. UN Security Council, Dec. 1966. "Report on UNFICYP and the Cyprus situation for the period 11 Juneto 5 December 1966." NY. S/7611. UN Security Council, 21 August 1992. "Report of the Secretary General on his Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus. " NY: S/24472. 19 November 1992. "Report of Secretary General on Iiis Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus." NY: S/24830. 14 September 1993. "Report of Secretary General on his Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus. "NY: S/26438. 1 July 1993. "Report of Secretary General on his Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus." NY: S/26026, . 17 December 1993. (Unpublished) "Report of the team of experts [Morris Miller (Canada), Martin Gerty (UK), Athur Kavanagh (Eire), Pierre Lazar (France), Michael Michaely (Israel) Duco Riemens (Holland) and Vojtech Spevacek (Czech Republic)] on the economic benefìts of the Varosha and Nicosia International Airport package [Confidence Building Measures]", requested by the Secretary General and given to the 376
leadership of the two communities on the 17 December 1993. The fieldwork was carried out between 10 October and 12 November 1993. 10 March 1994. Draft Resolution S/1994/285, NY. 30 May 1994. "Report of Secretary General on his Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus." NY: S/1994/629. 7 June 1994. "Report of Secretary General on the UN's opérations in Cyprus." NY: S/1994/680. US State Department, 2 Februaiy 1995. 1994 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Cyprus. Washington: State Department. Assembly of Western European Union. "Preliminary Draft Report of the Defence Committee of the Assembly of Western European Union - 40th session - on The Eastern Mediterranean". Paris, 19 May 1995, A/WEU/DEF (95) 2. Data derived from Personal interviews and correspondance: Gulhan Alp, interview carried out in his Nicosia office, on the 21/4/95, 02/5/95, 09/6/95, 28/7/95, 8/8/95, 11/8/95. Mr Gulhan Alp is the Chief Accountant at the CTCCB. Ahmet Zeki Bulunc, a series of written correspondence 15/12/1993 & 28/1/94. Mr Ahmet Zeki Bulunc, is an Under Secretary at the State Planning Organisation, Prime Ministry, Nicosia. Cafer Arseven, interview carried out in his Nicosia office, on the 3/8/95, 8/8/95 10/8/95 & 16/8/95. Mr Cafer Arseven is the Chief Registrar at the Department of Co-operative Development, in the Prime Ministry, Nicosia. Rauf Denktash, interview carried out in his Nicosia office, on the 28/7/95. 'President' Denktash, is the long term leader of the Turkish Cypriot community and the elected 'President' ofthe 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus'. Andreas Hadjixenphontas, interview carried out in his home in Nicosia, on the 24/9/95. Mr Andreas Hadjixenphontas is the Principle Auditor, Cooperative Auditing Service, a semi-Govt body that replaced the Registrar of Coopératives and is independent of the Cooperative Organisation. Stavros Karayorgios, interview carried out in his Nicosia office on the 03/7/95. 377
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the e
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Table Of Contents Page Change in ec
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List Of Figures 2.27 Revenue from t
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List Of Figures 5.25 Main destinati
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List Of Figures 7.8 The degree of o
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List Of Tables 6.7 All island, Gree
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This thesis will examine the econom
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Vassiliou's classic work 5 publishe
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As many questions raised by economi
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Figure 1.1 The structure of recent
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In terms of the topic of this thesi
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political landmark coincides with a
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were the mechanisms which encourage
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however, Chapter 5 concentrates on
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Defining the title The first priori
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such? Is northern Cyprus simply run
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unlike Greece in 1923, were already
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itself as having been literally und
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economic history, Christodoulou's s
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incurred as a resuit of eonfl ict.
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Christodoulou has concentrated his
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any credit for successful economic
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anking technology, administrative c
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(which usually has a regressive imp
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contribution did labour remittances
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having been inspired by Zetter's in
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econstruction also provided a means
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Conclusion In analysing the extent
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he drew distinct analogies with the
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in Cyprus. The main objective is a
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The war proved a watershed in many
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Uruguay, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago
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financial, property and business se
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By 1960 exports represented over 20
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Table 2.1 Domestic Exports FOB in 1
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the period (1960-73), the différen
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Figure 2.4 Principal exports as a p
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producing 12% of GDP. Tourism (rest
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considerably more than Turkey, whos
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income. Mining and quarrying (now m
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Figure 2.10 Principal exports as a
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Figure 2.12 The Destination of the
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Figure 2.14 Ambiguous indicators: T
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Figure 2.15 Sìze of manufacturing
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By 1980 the economy of the Republic
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The scale of the disruption in the
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Whether taking the optimists approa
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financing from financial markets pi
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grew rapidly. In the immediate afte
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One of the major problems facing th
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coming, only concerning policy make
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with particular bottlenecks affecti
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"We attributed this finding to the
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aiding the recovery from the coup a
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employment: rapidly rising real ear
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Until the intervention of public fi
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to pick the Republic of Cyprus as t
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of offshore companies registered in
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Figure 2.27 Revenue from the offsho
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Figure 2.29 The changing compositio
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The structure of the economy, the c
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CHAPTER 3. The foundations of Takis
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Famagusta enclaves would be over-ru
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The historical context of separate
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generally concentrated in the lower
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agreed Constitution. Seemingly Clar
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séparation of the communities bega
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UN. 37 Some additional supplies mus
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Seemingly, by 1970 the Nicosia encl
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was made on the basis of a fixed in
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derived from Turkish transfer payme
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Patrick has offered a more complica
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spare parts and maintenance materia
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Emphasising the growing divisions b
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Chamber, Rauf Denktash, said people
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Figure 3.2 Thepossible economic eff
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produced by them rises significantl
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Committee" was the area military co
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February 1975 the latter bodies set
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The first five-year pian, published
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CHAPTER 4. The construction of a Tu
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Whilst the Turkish-Cypriot leadersh
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of supply, and/or marketing, in key
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shipment of 2000 tons of foodstuffs
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Eti still operateci out of Nicosia,
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institutions in northern Cyprus amo
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with multipurpose co-operatives, a
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A few new co-operatives were formed
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loans. Savings Banks do have access
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espectively. The Famagusta branch w
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Cypriot) Government in the 1960s, t
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increasing costs 31 . This is perha
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packages imported raffinate, supply
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a monopoly respectively. Where ther
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Evkaf is an Islamic organisation fo
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Evkaf had a largely obscure economi
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Meanwhile a little noticed phenomen
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After the summer of 1974, the Turki
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monitored Ledra Place check-point,
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the early eighties, when Turkish ar
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Figure 4.3 Number of tourists from
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the situation that had existed prio
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stay arrivais or diminish with the
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competing with the longer establish
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flexibility of family business stru
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Ltd., Turkish-Cypriots eventually g
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dominateci by: textiles, footwear a
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force of national cohésion, change
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Figure 4.9 Main Citrus Exporters in
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Ismail Bozkurt (who secured 32.1% o
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Table 4.9 Citrus exports from north
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Ultimately the failure to act on pr
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CHAFTER 5: Re-establishing economic
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prospects of their respective de fa
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Figure 5.1 Change in Cypriot GDP as
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{0 perceive the de facto situation
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Turkey maintains that her objective
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parliament during the unstable peri
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case study, he argues that given en
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Specifically, it is analysis of nat
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imports (Figure 5.5). The extent to
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(which includes the increasingly im
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If "a leading sector in the process
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Just to put minds at rest that manu
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encouraged private sector action, t
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Figure 5.13 Gross domestic fixed ca
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major economic force, one that was
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they account for around a third of
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dominates international transfer pa
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a "development resource" 54 , rathe
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able to spearhead a revival aided,
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path, policy objectives moved to co
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overwhelming dependence on a genera
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In the difficult times that followe
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independence from total Turkish fin
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Figure 5.20 Orange production as a
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e exchanged for new "TRNC" (or, as
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Unlike the vineyards where most of
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Although not important in the initi
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Having said this, constant improvem
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compensation arrangements in the no
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some of the labour intensive stages
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Figure 5.24 Proportion of citrus ex
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to treat exports from the whole of
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seem more politically motivateci an
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Figure 6.1 Percentage change in GNP
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initially. The more immediate probl
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historical phenomena (large externa
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It has been argued that if politics
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share of National Income to somethi
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Figure 6.6 Communal income in 1980,
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Selecting peers as proxies for pan-
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growth potential to Cyprus in 1960,
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was that compatible data should be
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Figure 6.9 Micro Economies; average
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Figure 6.11 Micro Economies; averag
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Figure 6.13 The level of government
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Figure 6.14 "More Developed Medìte
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Figure 6.17 "More DevelopedMediterr
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Cypriot growth rate, should not dis
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Figure 6.22 Structure of production
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Figure 6.26 Degree of openness in t
Page 327 and 328: economic growth 49 (variables 6-9:
Page 329 and 330: implication, developmental différe
Page 331 and 332: spectrum in 1980 at 38%. Perhaps le
Page 333 and 334: namely investment rates 54 (in phys
Page 335 and 336: instruments, the justification for
Page 337 and 338: Figure 6.28 Average annual growth i
Page 339 and 340: Figure 6.29 How Cyprusfared in 1980
Page 341 and 342: Figure 6.30 Total Cypriot income 19
Page 343 and 344: o.zö; may reveai someimng 01 ine e
Page 345 and 346: developments elsewhere. The relativ
Page 347 and 348: unified economy) of 1963, Cyprus is
Page 349 and 350: CHAPTER 7. Conclusion 348 Comparati
Page 351 and 352: Turkish-Cypriot economy stagnateci.
Page 353 and 354: So it is worth looking again at the
Page 355 and 356: stand out however, revealing enough
Page 357 and 358: Figure 7.3 Gross domestic investmen
Page 359 and 360: Figure 7.5 "TRNC netforeign trade a
Page 361 and 362: Figure 7.8 The degree of openness i
Page 363 and 364: control. There seems to be ampie ex
Page 365 and 366: The role of tourism in the economic
Page 367 and 368: seem to be able to grow in line wit
Page 369 and 370: Comparisons throughout this thesis
Page 371 and 372: The Cyprus Mail Hellenic Group. Nic
Page 373 and 374: I.M.F. International Financial Stat
Page 375 and 376: 1982. Fourth Emergency Economic Act
Page 377: "Turkish Federated State of Kibris"
Page 381 and 382: "administrations" and key economic
Page 383 and 384: Bicak, H.A. (June) 1990. "The Impac
Page 385 and 386: Hudson, J. and Dyniotou-Jensen M. 1
Page 387 and 388: Mcdonald, R. 1989. The Problem of C
Page 389 and 390: Solsten, E. (ed.) 1993. Cvprus: A c
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