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Panteli, S. 1990. The Making of Modern Cvprus: From Obscurity to Statehood. New Barnet: Interworld Publications. Papadakis, I. 1993. "Perceptions of History and Collective Identity: A Study of Contemporaiy Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot Nationalism". Trinity College, University of Cambridge, D. Phil Thesis, submitted 1993. Papaioannou, I.A. 1984. Politics in Cvprus Between 1960 and 1981. Nicosia: Theopress Ltd. Papandreou, A. 1970. Democracy at Gunpoint. Andre Deutsch. Partal, M. 1994. "Co-operation in Cyprus". Famagusta: EMU, unfinished masters thesis. Patrick, R.A. 1976. Political Geography and the Cvprus Conflict 1963-1971. Ontario: University of Waterloo, Dept. of Geography (publication series no. 4). Patsalides, A. 1985. The Path of Growth of the Cvprus Economy: Growth and Progress - Problems and Solutions - Prospects. Nicosia: Govt. Press and Information Office. Pearce, R. (July) 1981. "Part-Time Farming in Cyprus." University of Reading , Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Management, Development Study No. 21. Propert, B. 1978. Beyond Orange and Green: The Political Economy of the Northern Ireland Crisis. London: Zed Press. Rustem, K. (ed.) 1987. North Cvprus Almanac. London: Rustem K. & Bro. Rostow, W.W. 1952. "War and Economic Change: the British Experience" in The Process of Economic Growth. New York. Sachs, J.D. & Warner, A. 1995. "Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration." Brookings Papers on Economic Activitv, 1. 1995. Salem, N. (ed.) 1992. Cvprus: A Regional Conflict and its Resolution. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Scott, J. 1995. Identity, Visibilitv and Legitimacy in Turkish Cypriot Tourism Development. University of Kent, Dept. of Social Anthropology, PhD Thesis, submitted March 1995. "Property Values; Ownership, Legitimacy and Land Markets in Northern Cyprus", in Hann C.M. 1998. Property Relations; Renewing the Anthropological Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 142-159. 386
Solsten, E. (ed.) 1993. Cvprus: A country study. Washington: Federai Research Division, Library of Congress (Area Handbook Series). Stein, A.A. 1980. The Nation at War. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Stephens, R. 1966. Cvprus: A Place of Arms. London: Pali Mall. Stewart, M. 1993. Keynes in the 1990's. London: Penguin Economics. Summers, R. & Heston, A. 1994. "Penn World Tables, version 5.6". Cambridge MA: The National Bureau of Economic Research (http://nber.Harvard.edu/pwt56.html). Sykes, C. 1965. Cross Roads to Israel. London: Colins. Tawney, R.H. 1931. Land and Labour in China. London: Allen & Unwin. Tucker, R.C. (ed.) 1978. Marx-Engels Reader. (2nd edition) London: W.W. Norton & Co. Theophanous, A. 1991. "Economic Growth and Development in Cyprus 1960-1984." Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, Vol. 7. Minnesota: University Of Minnesota, pp.105- 132. 1995. "Cyprus and the European Union; From Customs Union to Membership." Paper presented at a conference in Tel Aviv on 26/4/95, organised by Jerusalem's Hebrew University, within the framework of the Med-Campus Program, Jerborghenni Economic Cooperation Law Program. 1996. The Politicai Economy of a Federai Cvprus. Nicosia: Intercollege Press. Vanesis, P.N. 1977. Cyprus, The Unfinished Agony. London: Abelard-Schuman Limited. Vergeti, M. 1991. "Pontic Greeks from Asia Minor and the Soviet Union: Problems of Integration in Modern Greece", Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 4, No.4 pp.383-394. Vryonis, S. (ed.) Greece on the Road to Democracy: From the Junta to PASOK 1974 - 1986. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Aristide D. Caratzas. Wilson, R. 1985. The Impact of Exogenous Shocks of 1974 on Cypriot Trade. University Of Durham, Centre For Middle Eastern & Islamic Studies, Economic Research Paper No. 13. 1992. Cvprus and the International Economy. Basingstoke: Macmillan. 387
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the e
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Table Of Contents Page Change in ec
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List Of Figures 2.27 Revenue from t
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List Of Figures 5.25 Main destinati
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List Of Figures 7.8 The degree of o
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List Of Tables 6.7 All island, Gree
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This thesis will examine the econom
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Vassiliou's classic work 5 publishe
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As many questions raised by economi
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Figure 1.1 The structure of recent
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In terms of the topic of this thesi
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political landmark coincides with a
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were the mechanisms which encourage
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however, Chapter 5 concentrates on
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Defining the title The first priori
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such? Is northern Cyprus simply run
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unlike Greece in 1923, were already
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itself as having been literally und
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economic history, Christodoulou's s
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incurred as a resuit of eonfl ict.
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Christodoulou has concentrated his
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any credit for successful economic
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anking technology, administrative c
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(which usually has a regressive imp
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contribution did labour remittances
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having been inspired by Zetter's in
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econstruction also provided a means
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Conclusion In analysing the extent
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he drew distinct analogies with the
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in Cyprus. The main objective is a
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The war proved a watershed in many
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Uruguay, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago
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financial, property and business se
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By 1960 exports represented over 20
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Table 2.1 Domestic Exports FOB in 1
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the period (1960-73), the différen
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Figure 2.4 Principal exports as a p
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producing 12% of GDP. Tourism (rest
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considerably more than Turkey, whos
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income. Mining and quarrying (now m
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Figure 2.10 Principal exports as a
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Figure 2.12 The Destination of the
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Figure 2.14 Ambiguous indicators: T
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Figure 2.15 Sìze of manufacturing
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By 1980 the economy of the Republic
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The scale of the disruption in the
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Whether taking the optimists approa
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financing from financial markets pi
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grew rapidly. In the immediate afte
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One of the major problems facing th
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coming, only concerning policy make
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with particular bottlenecks affecti
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"We attributed this finding to the
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aiding the recovery from the coup a
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employment: rapidly rising real ear
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Until the intervention of public fi
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to pick the Republic of Cyprus as t
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of offshore companies registered in
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Figure 2.27 Revenue from the offsho
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Figure 2.29 The changing compositio
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The structure of the economy, the c
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CHAPTER 3. The foundations of Takis
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Famagusta enclaves would be over-ru
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The historical context of separate
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generally concentrated in the lower
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agreed Constitution. Seemingly Clar
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séparation of the communities bega
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UN. 37 Some additional supplies mus
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Seemingly, by 1970 the Nicosia encl
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was made on the basis of a fixed in
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derived from Turkish transfer payme
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Patrick has offered a more complica
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spare parts and maintenance materia
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Emphasising the growing divisions b
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Chamber, Rauf Denktash, said people
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Figure 3.2 Thepossible economic eff
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produced by them rises significantl
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Committee" was the area military co
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February 1975 the latter bodies set
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The first five-year pian, published
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CHAPTER 4. The construction of a Tu
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Whilst the Turkish-Cypriot leadersh
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of supply, and/or marketing, in key
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shipment of 2000 tons of foodstuffs
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Eti still operateci out of Nicosia,
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institutions in northern Cyprus amo
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with multipurpose co-operatives, a
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A few new co-operatives were formed
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loans. Savings Banks do have access
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espectively. The Famagusta branch w
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Cypriot) Government in the 1960s, t
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increasing costs 31 . This is perha
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packages imported raffinate, supply
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a monopoly respectively. Where ther
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Evkaf is an Islamic organisation fo
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Evkaf had a largely obscure economi
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Meanwhile a little noticed phenomen
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After the summer of 1974, the Turki
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monitored Ledra Place check-point,
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the early eighties, when Turkish ar
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Figure 4.3 Number of tourists from
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the situation that had existed prio
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stay arrivais or diminish with the
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competing with the longer establish
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flexibility of family business stru
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Ltd., Turkish-Cypriots eventually g
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dominateci by: textiles, footwear a
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force of national cohésion, change
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Figure 4.9 Main Citrus Exporters in
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Ismail Bozkurt (who secured 32.1% o
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Table 4.9 Citrus exports from north
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Ultimately the failure to act on pr
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CHAFTER 5: Re-establishing economic
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prospects of their respective de fa
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Figure 5.1 Change in Cypriot GDP as
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{0 perceive the de facto situation
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Turkey maintains that her objective
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parliament during the unstable peri
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case study, he argues that given en
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Specifically, it is analysis of nat
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imports (Figure 5.5). The extent to
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(which includes the increasingly im
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If "a leading sector in the process
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Just to put minds at rest that manu
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encouraged private sector action, t
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Figure 5.13 Gross domestic fixed ca
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major economic force, one that was
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they account for around a third of
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dominates international transfer pa
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a "development resource" 54 , rathe
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able to spearhead a revival aided,
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path, policy objectives moved to co
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overwhelming dependence on a genera
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In the difficult times that followe
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independence from total Turkish fin
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Figure 5.20 Orange production as a
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e exchanged for new "TRNC" (or, as
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Unlike the vineyards where most of
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Although not important in the initi
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Having said this, constant improvem
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compensation arrangements in the no
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some of the labour intensive stages
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Figure 5.24 Proportion of citrus ex
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to treat exports from the whole of
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seem more politically motivateci an
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Figure 6.1 Percentage change in GNP
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initially. The more immediate probl
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historical phenomena (large externa
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It has been argued that if politics
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share of National Income to somethi
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Figure 6.6 Communal income in 1980,
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Selecting peers as proxies for pan-
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growth potential to Cyprus in 1960,
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was that compatible data should be
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Figure 6.9 Micro Economies; average
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Figure 6.11 Micro Economies; averag
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Figure 6.13 The level of government
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Figure 6.14 "More Developed Medìte
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Figure 6.17 "More DevelopedMediterr
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Cypriot growth rate, should not dis
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Figure 6.22 Structure of production
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Figure 6.26 Degree of openness in t
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economic growth 49 (variables 6-9:
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implication, developmental différe
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spectrum in 1980 at 38%. Perhaps le
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namely investment rates 54 (in phys
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instruments, the justification for
Page 337 and 338: Figure 6.28 Average annual growth i
Page 339 and 340: Figure 6.29 How Cyprusfared in 1980
Page 341 and 342: Figure 6.30 Total Cypriot income 19
Page 343 and 344: o.zö; may reveai someimng 01 ine e
Page 345 and 346: developments elsewhere. The relativ
Page 347 and 348: unified economy) of 1963, Cyprus is
Page 349 and 350: CHAPTER 7. Conclusion 348 Comparati
Page 351 and 352: Turkish-Cypriot economy stagnateci.
Page 353 and 354: So it is worth looking again at the
Page 355 and 356: stand out however, revealing enough
Page 357 and 358: Figure 7.3 Gross domestic investmen
Page 359 and 360: Figure 7.5 "TRNC netforeign trade a
Page 361 and 362: Figure 7.8 The degree of openness i
Page 363 and 364: control. There seems to be ampie ex
Page 365 and 366: The role of tourism in the economic
Page 367 and 368: seem to be able to grow in line wit
Page 369 and 370: Comparisons throughout this thesis
Page 371 and 372: The Cyprus Mail Hellenic Group. Nic
Page 373 and 374: I.M.F. International Financial Stat
Page 375 and 376: 1982. Fourth Emergency Economic Act
Page 377 and 378: "Turkish Federated State of Kibris"
Page 379 and 380: leadership of the two communities o
Page 381 and 382: "administrations" and key economic
Page 383 and 384: Bicak, H.A. (June) 1990. "The Impac
Page 385 and 386: Hudson, J. and Dyniotou-Jensen M. 1
Page 387: Mcdonald, R. 1989. The Problem of C
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