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Evriviades, M.L. and Kitromilides P.M. 1982. "Cyprus", World Bibliographical Sériés, Vol. 28. Oxford: Clio Press. Form, W.H. and Loomis C.P. et al. 1956. "The Persistence and Emergence of Social Cultural Systems in Disasters", American Sociologica! Review, XXI, pp. 180-185. Galbraith, J.K. 1991 (Penguin édition). AHistorv of Economies. London: Penguin. Geertz, C. 1963. Agricultural Involution. The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley. Gerschenkron, A. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Glenny, M. 1992. The Fall of Yugoslavia: The Third Balkan War. London: Penguin. Haid, M.W. 1968. A Study of the Cyprus Economy. Nicosia: Printing Office of the Republic of Cyprus. Harbottle, M. 1970. The Impartial Soldier. London: OUP. Henn, F. (Spring) 1994. "The Nicosia Airport Incident of 1974: A Peacekeeping Gamble", International Peacekeeping, Vol., No. 1, pp. 80-98. Hindle, T. 1991. The Sultan of Berkeley Square: Asil Nadir and the Thatcher Years. London: Macmillan. Hirschman, A. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Häven: Yale University Press. Hirshleifer, J. 1987. Economic Behaviour in Adversity. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books. tlitchins, C. 1984. Cyprus. London: Quartet Books. House, W.J. 1981. Aspects of Labour Mobility in Cyprus. Geneva: ILO/UNFPA. 1982. Population, Employment Planning and Labour Force Mobility in Cyprus, (Terminal Report). Nicosia: Planning Bureau & Dept. of Statistics and Research. 1985. Cypriot Women in the Labour Market. Geneva: ILO. 1988. Mobility in the Labour Market in Cyprus. Geneva: ILO/UNFPA. 1988. Socio-economic and Demographic characteristics of income distribution in Cvprus. Geneva: ILO/UNFPA. 382
Hudson, J. and Dyniotou-Jensen M. 1989 Modelling A Developing Country: A Case Study Of Cvprus. Aldershot: Avebury. Ioannides, C.P. 1991. In Turkev's Image: The Transformation of Occupied Cvprus into a Turkish Province. New Rochelle, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas. (ed.) 1992. Cvprus: Domestic Dynamics. External Constraints. New Rochelle, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas. Kaminarides, J.S. 1973. The Cvprus Economy: A Case in the Industrialisation Process. Nicosia: Socrates Publishing Company. Kamas, M. and Salehi-Esfahani H. 1992. "Tourism and Export led Growth: The Case of Cyprus, 1976-1988", in The Journal of Developing Areas, no. 26, July 1992, pp. 489-506. Kaplinsky, R. (November) 1991. "From Mass Production to Flexible Specialisation: A Case Study from a Semi-Industrial Economy". University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Discussion Paper 295. King, R. and Burton S. 1989. "Land Ownership Values and Rural Structural Change in Cyprus", pp. 267-277 in the Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3. Kitromilides, P.M. "From Coexistence to Confrontation: The Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict in Cyprus", in Attalides M.A. 1977. (ed.) Cyprus Reviewed. Nicosia: The Jus Cypri Association with the Co-ordinating C'tee of Scientific and Cultural Organisations. Kokkinos, D. 1991. "The Reception of Pontians from the Soviet Union in Greece", Journal of Refugee Studies. Volume 4, No.4 pp.395-399. Koumoulides, John T.A. (ed.) 1986. Cvprus in Transition 1960-1985. London: Trigraph. Krueger, A. & Aktan, O. 1992. Swimming against the Tide: Turkish Trade Reform in the 1980's. San Francisco: ICS Press. Krugman, P.R. (ed.) 1986. Strategie Trade Policy And The New International Economics. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Kuznets S. 1971. Economic Growth ofNations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Kyle, K. 1984. Cyprus. London: Minority Rights Group Ltd. Lane, F.C. 1958. "The Economic consequences of Organised Violence", Journal of Economic History. Vol. 18, No. 4, pp.401-417. 383
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the e
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Table Of Contents Page Change in ec
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List Of Figures 2.27 Revenue from t
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List Of Figures 5.25 Main destinati
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List Of Figures 7.8 The degree of o
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List Of Tables 6.7 All island, Gree
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This thesis will examine the econom
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Vassiliou's classic work 5 publishe
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As many questions raised by economi
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Figure 1.1 The structure of recent
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In terms of the topic of this thesi
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political landmark coincides with a
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were the mechanisms which encourage
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however, Chapter 5 concentrates on
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Defining the title The first priori
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such? Is northern Cyprus simply run
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unlike Greece in 1923, were already
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itself as having been literally und
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economic history, Christodoulou's s
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incurred as a resuit of eonfl ict.
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Christodoulou has concentrated his
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any credit for successful economic
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anking technology, administrative c
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(which usually has a regressive imp
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contribution did labour remittances
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having been inspired by Zetter's in
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econstruction also provided a means
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Conclusion In analysing the extent
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he drew distinct analogies with the
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in Cyprus. The main objective is a
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The war proved a watershed in many
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Uruguay, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago
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financial, property and business se
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By 1960 exports represented over 20
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Table 2.1 Domestic Exports FOB in 1
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the period (1960-73), the différen
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Figure 2.4 Principal exports as a p
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producing 12% of GDP. Tourism (rest
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considerably more than Turkey, whos
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income. Mining and quarrying (now m
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Figure 2.10 Principal exports as a
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Figure 2.12 The Destination of the
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Figure 2.14 Ambiguous indicators: T
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Figure 2.15 Sìze of manufacturing
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By 1980 the economy of the Republic
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The scale of the disruption in the
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Whether taking the optimists approa
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financing from financial markets pi
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grew rapidly. In the immediate afte
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One of the major problems facing th
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coming, only concerning policy make
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with particular bottlenecks affecti
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"We attributed this finding to the
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aiding the recovery from the coup a
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employment: rapidly rising real ear
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Until the intervention of public fi
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to pick the Republic of Cyprus as t
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of offshore companies registered in
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Figure 2.27 Revenue from the offsho
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Figure 2.29 The changing compositio
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The structure of the economy, the c
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CHAPTER 3. The foundations of Takis
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Famagusta enclaves would be over-ru
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The historical context of separate
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generally concentrated in the lower
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agreed Constitution. Seemingly Clar
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séparation of the communities bega
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UN. 37 Some additional supplies mus
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Seemingly, by 1970 the Nicosia encl
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was made on the basis of a fixed in
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derived from Turkish transfer payme
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Patrick has offered a more complica
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spare parts and maintenance materia
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Emphasising the growing divisions b
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Chamber, Rauf Denktash, said people
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Figure 3.2 Thepossible economic eff
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produced by them rises significantl
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Committee" was the area military co
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February 1975 the latter bodies set
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The first five-year pian, published
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CHAPTER 4. The construction of a Tu
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Whilst the Turkish-Cypriot leadersh
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of supply, and/or marketing, in key
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shipment of 2000 tons of foodstuffs
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Eti still operateci out of Nicosia,
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institutions in northern Cyprus amo
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with multipurpose co-operatives, a
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A few new co-operatives were formed
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loans. Savings Banks do have access
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espectively. The Famagusta branch w
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Cypriot) Government in the 1960s, t
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increasing costs 31 . This is perha
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packages imported raffinate, supply
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a monopoly respectively. Where ther
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Evkaf is an Islamic organisation fo
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Evkaf had a largely obscure economi
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Meanwhile a little noticed phenomen
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After the summer of 1974, the Turki
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monitored Ledra Place check-point,
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the early eighties, when Turkish ar
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Figure 4.3 Number of tourists from
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the situation that had existed prio
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stay arrivais or diminish with the
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competing with the longer establish
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flexibility of family business stru
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Ltd., Turkish-Cypriots eventually g
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dominateci by: textiles, footwear a
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force of national cohésion, change
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Figure 4.9 Main Citrus Exporters in
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Ismail Bozkurt (who secured 32.1% o
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Table 4.9 Citrus exports from north
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Ultimately the failure to act on pr
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CHAFTER 5: Re-establishing economic
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prospects of their respective de fa
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Figure 5.1 Change in Cypriot GDP as
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{0 perceive the de facto situation
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Turkey maintains that her objective
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parliament during the unstable peri
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case study, he argues that given en
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Specifically, it is analysis of nat
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imports (Figure 5.5). The extent to
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(which includes the increasingly im
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If "a leading sector in the process
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Just to put minds at rest that manu
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encouraged private sector action, t
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Figure 5.13 Gross domestic fixed ca
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major economic force, one that was
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they account for around a third of
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dominates international transfer pa
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a "development resource" 54 , rathe
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able to spearhead a revival aided,
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path, policy objectives moved to co
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overwhelming dependence on a genera
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In the difficult times that followe
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independence from total Turkish fin
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Figure 5.20 Orange production as a
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e exchanged for new "TRNC" (or, as
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Unlike the vineyards where most of
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Although not important in the initi
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Having said this, constant improvem
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compensation arrangements in the no
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some of the labour intensive stages
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Figure 5.24 Proportion of citrus ex
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to treat exports from the whole of
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seem more politically motivateci an
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Figure 6.1 Percentage change in GNP
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initially. The more immediate probl
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historical phenomena (large externa
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It has been argued that if politics
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share of National Income to somethi
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Figure 6.6 Communal income in 1980,
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Selecting peers as proxies for pan-
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growth potential to Cyprus in 1960,
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was that compatible data should be
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Figure 6.9 Micro Economies; average
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Figure 6.11 Micro Economies; averag
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Figure 6.13 The level of government
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Figure 6.14 "More Developed Medìte
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Figure 6.17 "More DevelopedMediterr
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Cypriot growth rate, should not dis
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Figure 6.22 Structure of production
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Figure 6.26 Degree of openness in t
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economic growth 49 (variables 6-9:
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implication, developmental différe
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spectrum in 1980 at 38%. Perhaps le
Page 333 and 334: namely investment rates 54 (in phys
Page 335 and 336: instruments, the justification for
Page 337 and 338: Figure 6.28 Average annual growth i
Page 339 and 340: Figure 6.29 How Cyprusfared in 1980
Page 341 and 342: Figure 6.30 Total Cypriot income 19
Page 343 and 344: o.zö; may reveai someimng 01 ine e
Page 345 and 346: developments elsewhere. The relativ
Page 347 and 348: unified economy) of 1963, Cyprus is
Page 349 and 350: CHAPTER 7. Conclusion 348 Comparati
Page 351 and 352: Turkish-Cypriot economy stagnateci.
Page 353 and 354: So it is worth looking again at the
Page 355 and 356: stand out however, revealing enough
Page 357 and 358: Figure 7.3 Gross domestic investmen
Page 359 and 360: Figure 7.5 "TRNC netforeign trade a
Page 361 and 362: Figure 7.8 The degree of openness i
Page 363 and 364: control. There seems to be ampie ex
Page 365 and 366: The role of tourism in the economic
Page 367 and 368: seem to be able to grow in line wit
Page 369 and 370: Comparisons throughout this thesis
Page 371 and 372: The Cyprus Mail Hellenic Group. Nic
Page 373 and 374: I.M.F. International Financial Stat
Page 375 and 376: 1982. Fourth Emergency Economic Act
Page 377 and 378: "Turkish Federated State of Kibris"
Page 379 and 380: leadership of the two communities o
Page 381 and 382: "administrations" and key economic
Page 383: Bicak, H.A. (June) 1990. "The Impac
Page 387 and 388: Mcdonald, R. 1989. The Problem of C
Page 389 and 390: Solsten, E. (ed.) 1993. Cvprus: A c
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