STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Glass System Interface: The interface generally takes the form of a hole or slot in the side rails of the panel attaching to an offset plate or component tying back to the structural support system. Glass type: This strategy supports the use of conventional glass fabrication. Figure 6.15 Panel system connection detail. Resources and Technology Materials and Processes: Glass fabrication is conventional. Attachment components are typically simple steel plate assemblies tying back to the backer structure. Material Suppliers and Subcontractors: The structural glazing must be done by a qualified glazier in strict compliance with the sealant manufacturer’s requirements. Adhesion testing is also required. Durability and Maintenance: Durability will be a function of the materials used, the adequacy of the finish materials, and the quality of their application. This system provides for a buttglazed silicone seal, which has proven to provide a durable weather seal. Structural Performance Spanning capacity: The spanning capacity is picked up by the rails. It is even conceivable to use a heavier rail system that would provide for the glazing of multiple glass panels, as with the unitized systems. Typical deflection criteria: The glass can be provided perimeter support as required to control deflections. 273
Accommodation of movement: As with the other glass system types, the structure movements must be identified and the glazing attachment designed to accommodate these movements. Constructability Fabrication: As mentioned above, the only issue is assuring an adequate adhesive bond of the glass to the metal rails if a structural silicone method is selected. Installation: If the glass system interface is properly detailed, these systems will install very rapidly. As with the point-fixed systems, the installation of the wet silicone seal is of critical importance in a butt-glazed system (see point-fixed drilled), with respect to both appearance and performance. Economy This is an economical alternative to a point-fixed system, offering many of the advantages and a reasonable level of system transparency. 274
Page 1 and 2:
STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES: A UNIQUE
Page 3 and 4:
Dedication To my bride, Victoria Me
Page 5 and 6:
One cannot help but burden others w
Page 7 and 8:
6.4 Other Considerations in Glass S
Page 9 and 10:
Table 6-6 Simple truss attributes.
Page 11 and 12:
List of Figures Figure 1.1 Berlin C
Page 13 and 14:
Figure 2.1 Tension rod rigging term
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 2.28 Diagram of low-E functi
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 6.12 New Beijing Poly Plaza;
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 8.7 Glass and the glass manu
Page 21 and 22:
Abstract This thesis formulates a h
Page 23 and 24:
The push by leading architects for
Page 25 and 26:
Barriers to Implementation As with
Page 27 and 28:
The primary focus of this thesis wi
Page 29 and 30:
Chapter 1 - Context 1.1 Structural
Page 31 and 32:
facades as used herein refers to th
Page 33 and 34:
The vaulted enclosure spans six tra
Page 35 and 36:
1.2.2 Architectural Use of Glass It
Page 37 and 38:
the great cathedrals of the period
Page 39 and 40:
1.2.4 Glass as Building Skin Struct
Page 41 and 42:
1.2.5 The Advent of the Curtain Wal
Page 43 and 44:
structure is exposed, and thus beco
Page 45 and 46:
necessarily the case, however. Nort
Page 47 and 48:
and practitioners of this style, Wa
Page 49 and 50:
In the same manner, Mies van der Ro
Page 51 and 52:
1.3.2 Emergence of Structural Glass
Page 53 and 54:
of glass are transparency, transluc
Page 55 and 56:
Opacity is the opposite of transpar
Page 57 and 58:
Willis Faber & Dumas Building Ipswi
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 1.18 Louvre Pyramid by night
Page 61 and 62:
Channel 4 Headquarters London; Rich
Page 63 and 64:
presentations on the technology usu
Page 65 and 66:
was not constructed until the 1950
Page 67 and 68:
1.3.6 Practitioners The following e
Page 69 and 70:
In a common development pattern, se
Page 71 and 72:
from the yachting industry and used
Page 73 and 74:
imitation reveals itself here; repe
Page 75 and 76:
their lack of familiarity with it.
Page 77 and 78:
Oil prices blowing by USD 100 per b
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 2 - Materials, Processes, a
Page 81 and 82:
2.2.1 Structures and Strategies for
Page 83 and 84:
2.2.2 Strongbacks and Glass Fins St
Page 85 and 86:
Various geometries are possible, mo
Page 87 and 88:
The application of trusses as part
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2.8 Truss identification: br
Page 91 and 92:
A large cavity double-skin façade
Page 93 and 94:
Fuller later went on to develop ten
Page 95 and 96:
stabilized, or closed systems; stab
Page 97 and 98:
2.2.9.2 Cable Net The addition of h
Page 99 and 100:
Kieran Kelley-Sneed, a former profe
Page 101 and 102:
these materials. High performance t
Page 103 and 104:
or some similar process to produce
Page 105 and 106:
Individual wires are fist twisted i
Page 107 and 108:
2.3.3.2 Rods Design innovations are
Page 109 and 110:
processing adding value in some man
Page 111 and 112:
Table 2-4 Raw materials used in typ
Page 113 and 114:
2.4.1.6 Laminated Glass Laminated g
Page 115 and 116:
laminated panel comprised of a temp
Page 117 and 118:
of the spacer, and the application
Page 119 and 120:
applied by a process of vacuum (spu
Page 121 and 122:
The illustration on the left shows
Page 123 and 124:
2.4.1.11 Specifying Glass Specifyin
Page 125 and 126:
to as annealed glass. Subsequent pr
Page 127 and 128:
later) may exhibit worsened distort
Page 129 and 130:
glass above). In fact, perhaps owin
Page 131 and 132:
“Float glass thickness range from
Page 133 and 134:
pieces of glass with a ½” air sp
Page 135 and 136:
A measure of heat gain or heat loss
Page 137 and 138:
Fortunately, glass producers again
Page 139 and 140:
2.5.2 Stick Systems Most curtain wa
Page 141 and 142:
The rainscreen principle has become
Page 143 and 144:
with the outer glass surface. This
Page 145 and 146:
2.5.9 Structural Glazing Structural
Page 147 and 148:
frequently mechanically attaché th
Page 149 and 150:
Alternatively, structural glass fac
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 3 - Building Products, Proc
Page 153 and 154:
New strategies and project delivery
Page 155 and 156:
costs are extremely low throughout
Page 157 and 158:
3.1.3 Fabrication Fabrication requi
Page 159 and 160:
A design/builder may provide instal
Page 161 and 162:
3.2.1.2 Weaknesses of Design/Bid/Bu
Page 163 and 164:
The budget can be developed along w
Page 165 and 166:
3.2.3.1 Strengths of Design/Assist
Page 167 and 168:
3.3.1.2 Develop an appropriate surf
Page 169 and 170:
3.3.2.1 Representative Drawings Pla
Page 171 and 172:
to related websites. In the case of
Page 173 and 174:
4.2.1 Wizards A common type of desi
Page 175 and 176:
On selection of an exterior color f
Page 177 and 178:
website acts as a resource in suppo
Page 179 and 180:
It is interesting to note that tool
Page 181 and 182:
easons, many interactive tutorials
Page 183 and 184:
“Human Resources In-house expert
Page 185 and 186:
an overall architectural project,
Page 187 and 188:
contextual imagery and a general de
Page 189 and 190:
4.5 The Medium 4.5.1 Print Digital
Page 191 and 192:
cost ranging from 25 to 50 dollars
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 4.8 PowerPoint presentation
Page 195 and 196:
5.1.4 It is conceivable to facilita
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 1 defines structural glass
Page 199 and 200:
technology into the mainstream cons
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 6 - Categorization and Orga
Page 203 and 204:
Table 6-2 Morphological categorizat
Page 205 and 206:
6.1.2 Definition of Evaluation Crit
Page 207 and 208:
measure of the relative ease of des
Page 209 and 210:
Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
Page 211 and 212:
to work. There is great opportunity
Page 213 and 214:
eing extremely efficient on a stren
Page 215 and 216:
much as 20-30 percent. Thus, it is
Page 217 and 218:
Figure 6.2 Generalized behavior att
Page 219 and 220:
Design Considerations The strongbac
Page 221 and 222:
Constructability Fabrication: The c
Page 223 and 224:
opportunities for exploring facetin
Page 225 and 226:
Constructability Fabrication: If sp
Page 227 and 228:
square-on-offset-square derived fro
Page 229 and 230:
Glass system interface: Any glass s
Page 231 and 232:
Constructability Fabrication: As di
Page 233 and 234:
Morphology Vertical trusses are ali
Page 235 and 236:
Durability and Maintenance: The con
Page 237 and 238:
Table 6-7 Mast truss attributes. 6.
Page 239 and 240:
problematic, as the structures are
Page 241 and 242:
deflections relative to the façade
Page 243 and 244: Stability in the cable truss is pro
Page 245 and 246: Resources and Technology Maturity:
Page 247 and 248: Installation: Installation is signi
Page 249 and 250: Design issues: The determination of
Page 251 and 252: Gymnastics Arena fabric clad tenseg
Page 253 and 254: Design Considerations Aesthetics: G
Page 255 and 256: Pre-tension requirements: The cable
Page 257 and 258: Morphology Cable-hung structures ha
Page 259 and 260: Glass system interface: The interfa
Page 261 and 262: Structural Performance Spanning cap
Page 263 and 264: Structural Efficiency (strength to
Page 265 and 266: 6.2.1 Categorization Scheme Table 6
Page 267 and 268: 6.2.3 Class Comparisons: Applicatio
Page 269 and 270: Optical Distortion: The heat-treati
Page 271 and 272: Size Limitation: Viracon, the large
Page 273 and 274: objective; monolithic panels of low
Page 275 and 276: equipment. Depending upon these var
Page 277 and 278: deflections exceed this requirement
Page 279 and 280: consideration, and should be heat-s
Page 281 and 282: Transparency Relative transparency
Page 283 and 284: What follows is a consideration of
Page 285 and 286: Design issues: These systems must b
Page 287 and 288: Design Considerations Aesthetics: O
Page 289 and 290: Constructability Fabrication: All f
Page 291 and 292: Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
Page 293: then treated identically to point-f
Page 297 and 298: Geometric flexibility: One of the a
Page 299 and 300: all-bearing head that provides for
Page 301 and 302: effectively clamping the glass to t
Page 303 and 304: Constructability Fabrication: Glass
Page 305 and 306: For a more sophisticated program us
Page 307 and 308: lighting costs should also be figur
Page 309 and 310: Chapter 7 - Tools, Resources, and C
Page 311 and 312: grid anomalies, and other nonstanda
Page 313 and 314: 7.1 A Simple Case The theory is tha
Page 315 and 316: 7.1.3 Vertical Span / Horizontal Sp
Page 317 and 318: Figure 7.3 FacadeDesigner.com homep
Page 319 and 320: The World Wide Web is a unique medi
Page 321 and 322: Figure 7.5 StructureExplorer Web pa
Page 323 and 324: This module has not been developed
Page 325 and 326: deflections. As will be seen, the t
Page 327 and 328: F af 2 Vm/ryf F y 1- 0.
Page 329 and 330: F ab 2 Vm/ryb F y 1- 0.
Page 331 and 332: Calculate front chord stress ratio;
Page 333 and 334: analysis eliminates the formation o
Page 335 and 336: Figure 7.9 Dynamic relaxation veloc
Page 337 and 338: output of the analysis, along with
Page 339 and 340: Solving for cable force, the additi
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7.12 FacadeDesigner: select
Page 343 and 344: Figure 7.13 FacadeDesigner: glass g
Page 345 and 346:
H m = H s / H n V m = V s / V n Or,
Page 347 and 348:
show a vertically oriented glass gr
Page 349 and 350:
FaçadeDesigner is thus linked to S
Page 351 and 352:
elevations, sections and details. T
Page 353 and 354:
inadvertent and unnecessary, and ea
Page 355 and 356:
maximum timeframe. However, the Exp
Page 357 and 358:
Figure 8.2 Introductory page requir
Page 359 and 360:
Figure 8.5 Glass system types are i
Page 361 and 362:
Figure 8.9 Each system type is pres
Page 363 and 364:
application to the AIA/CES to becom
Page 365 and 366:
8.2 Summary The background research
Page 367 and 368:
Long-span façade structures Simpl
Page 369 and 370:
9.1.1 Test Subjects Group A is comp
Page 371 and 372:
The testing of Group A was administ
Page 373 and 374:
Subjective questions 1-5, column 2,
Page 375 and 376:
Table 9-4 Group B, 2nd test results
Page 377 and 378:
Group A 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 379 and 380:
y the learning program. This may re
Page 381 and 382:
Group B 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 383 and 384:
incorrect responses was 14% in the
Page 385 and 386:
presentation is clearly emboldening
Page 387 and 388:
Figure 9.10 Comparison of group A a
Page 389 and 390:
"Don't Know" Responses by Category;
Page 391 and 392:
Question 10 Tempered glass is
Page 393 and 394:
Group A Incorrect Responses: Change
Page 395 and 396:
This question was answered incorrec
Page 397 and 398:
Perhaps the shift from I-don’t-kn
Page 399 and 400:
Question 14 Glass for point-fixed s
Page 401 and 402:
Please circle one number only for e
Page 403 and 404:
after they were given the presentat
Page 405 and 406:
The average response here fell one
Page 407 and 408:
inclusion in StructureDesigner, and
Page 409 and 410:
V n = number of vertical grid modul
Page 411 and 412:
Table 9-5 Cable net; omparison of t
Page 413 and 414:
H m = horizontal module (ft) H n =
Page 415 and 416:
Table 9-6 Simple truss; comparison
Page 417 and 418:
Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion
Page 419 and 420:
pyramid structure when the distribu
Page 421 and 422:
The author is not a Web designer or
Page 423 and 424:
10.2.2 FaçadeDesigner; the Methodo
Page 425 and 426:
Tutorials An objective of FacadeDes
Page 427 and 428:
and load conditions. A testing meth
Page 429 and 430:
The need is for education and resou
Page 431 and 432:
information. Better organization of
Page 433 and 434:
institutions such as the Massachuse
Page 435 and 436:
The important issue of sustainabili
Page 437 and 438:
accommodate application needs from
Page 439 and 440:
10.3.6 Diffusion of Innovation in A
Page 441 and 442:
Bibliography Amato, I 1997. Stuff;
Page 443 and 444:
Cambridge 2000 Gallery 2005. Willis
Page 445 and 446:
Glass skyscraper n.d. Model of glas
Page 447 and 448:
Nardella, M 2007. Interior of Garde
Page 449 and 450:
Seagram Building n.d. Photograph of
show all

STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?