STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

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Question 4 What structure type would likely be best on a renovation project where the client is looking for high transparency flat cable net. double-curved cable net. simple truss system. cable truss. I don’t know. This question was answered incorrectly 55% and 70% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group A, and 42% and 67% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group B. The incorrect answers split between the first and fourth response. This issue of a renovation project was not specifically discussed in the program presentation, but is included in the handout. The final part of the presentation is intended to be a short problem-solving session where this issue would be more directly addressed, but there was inadequate time to do this at both presentations. Question 4 did not have a high percentage of “don’t know” responses in the 1 st test; most participants appear to have believed they knew the answer on the 1 st test and their mind was not changed by either the program presentation or the tutorial handout. The “simple” in the simple truss response would seem to be a clue to the correct answer, but apparently not. Perhaps the problem of applying new loading conditions to an as-built structure is not readily perceived as a problem. This aspect of a renovation could easily be added to the program. 369
Question 10 Tempered glass is 4 times stronger than annealed glass. qualifies as safety glass. can spontaneously break if a contaminant is present in the glass. all of the above. none of the above. I don’t know. This question was answered incorrectly 45% and 60% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group A, and 67% and 43% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group B. The incorrect answers split between the first three responses. The increase in incorrect responses in Group A was a result of two participants changing from a “don’t know” response in the 1 st test, with one selecting the correct answer and one selecting the incorrect answer. Question 21 The design/build project delivery strategy prevents the early design participation of the build team. is good for projects involving innovative technology. requires the architect to participate in the construction. is generally slower than the design/bid/build strategy. I don’t know. This question was answered incorrectly 36% and 40% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group A, and 67% and 43% of the time on the 1 st and 2 nd test respectively by Group B. The incorrect answers split between the three alternate responses, with slightly more selecting the third alternative. This increased percentage in Group A in the 2 nd test is due to one less participant in the 2 nd test that had selected the correct answer in the 1 st test; there were the same number of incorrect answers for each test. 370
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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES: A UNIQUE
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Dedication To my bride, Victoria Me
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One cannot help but burden others w
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6.4 Other Considerations in Glass S
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Table 6-6 Simple truss attributes.
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Berlin C
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Figure 2.1 Tension rod rigging term
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Figure 2.28 Diagram of low-E functi
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Figure 6.12 New Beijing Poly Plaza;
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Figure 8.7 Glass and the glass manu
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Abstract This thesis formulates a h
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The push by leading architects for
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Barriers to Implementation As with
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The primary focus of this thesis wi
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Chapter 1 - Context 1.1 Structural
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facades as used herein refers to th
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The vaulted enclosure spans six tra
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1.2.2 Architectural Use of Glass It
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the great cathedrals of the period
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1.2.4 Glass as Building Skin Struct
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1.2.5 The Advent of the Curtain Wal
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structure is exposed, and thus beco
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necessarily the case, however. Nort
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and practitioners of this style, Wa
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In the same manner, Mies van der Ro
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1.3.2 Emergence of Structural Glass
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of glass are transparency, transluc
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Opacity is the opposite of transpar
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Willis Faber & Dumas Building Ipswi
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Figure 1.18 Louvre Pyramid by night
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Channel 4 Headquarters London; Rich
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presentations on the technology usu
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was not constructed until the 1950
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1.3.6 Practitioners The following e
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In a common development pattern, se
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from the yachting industry and used
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imitation reveals itself here; repe
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their lack of familiarity with it.
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Oil prices blowing by USD 100 per b
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Chapter 2 - Materials, Processes, a
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2.2.1 Structures and Strategies for
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2.2.2 Strongbacks and Glass Fins St
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Various geometries are possible, mo
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The application of trusses as part
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Figure 2.8 Truss identification: br
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A large cavity double-skin façade
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Fuller later went on to develop ten
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stabilized, or closed systems; stab
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2.2.9.2 Cable Net The addition of h
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Kieran Kelley-Sneed, a former profe
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these materials. High performance t
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or some similar process to produce
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Individual wires are fist twisted i
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2.3.3.2 Rods Design innovations are
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processing adding value in some man
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Table 2-4 Raw materials used in typ
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2.4.1.6 Laminated Glass Laminated g
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laminated panel comprised of a temp
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of the spacer, and the application
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applied by a process of vacuum (spu
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The illustration on the left shows
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2.4.1.11 Specifying Glass Specifyin
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to as annealed glass. Subsequent pr
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later) may exhibit worsened distort
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glass above). In fact, perhaps owin
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“Float glass thickness range from
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pieces of glass with a ½” air sp
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A measure of heat gain or heat loss
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Fortunately, glass producers again
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2.5.2 Stick Systems Most curtain wa
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The rainscreen principle has become
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with the outer glass surface. This
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2.5.9 Structural Glazing Structural
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frequently mechanically attaché th
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Alternatively, structural glass fac
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Chapter 3 - Building Products, Proc
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New strategies and project delivery
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costs are extremely low throughout
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3.1.3 Fabrication Fabrication requi
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A design/builder may provide instal
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3.2.1.2 Weaknesses of Design/Bid/Bu
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The budget can be developed along w
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3.2.3.1 Strengths of Design/Assist
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3.3.1.2 Develop an appropriate surf
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3.3.2.1 Representative Drawings Pla
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to related websites. In the case of
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4.2.1 Wizards A common type of desi
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On selection of an exterior color f
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website acts as a resource in suppo
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It is interesting to note that tool
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easons, many interactive tutorials
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“Human Resources In-house expert
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an overall architectural project,
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contextual imagery and a general de
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4.5 The Medium 4.5.1 Print Digital
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cost ranging from 25 to 50 dollars
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Figure 4.8 PowerPoint presentation
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5.1.4 It is conceivable to facilita
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Chapter 1 defines structural glass
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technology into the mainstream cons
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Chapter 6 - Categorization and Orga
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Table 6-2 Morphological categorizat
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6.1.2 Definition of Evaluation Crit
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measure of the relative ease of des
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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to work. There is great opportunity
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eing extremely efficient on a stren
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much as 20-30 percent. Thus, it is
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Figure 6.2 Generalized behavior att
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Design Considerations The strongbac
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Constructability Fabrication: The c
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opportunities for exploring facetin
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Constructability Fabrication: If sp
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square-on-offset-square derived fro
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Glass system interface: Any glass s
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Constructability Fabrication: As di
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Morphology Vertical trusses are ali
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Durability and Maintenance: The con
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Table 6-7 Mast truss attributes. 6.
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problematic, as the structures are
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deflections relative to the façade
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Stability in the cable truss is pro
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Resources and Technology Maturity:
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Installation: Installation is signi
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Design issues: The determination of
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Gymnastics Arena fabric clad tenseg
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: G
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Pre-tension requirements: The cable
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Morphology Cable-hung structures ha
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Glass system interface: The interfa
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Structural Performance Spanning cap
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Structural Efficiency (strength to
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6.2.1 Categorization Scheme Table 6
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6.2.3 Class Comparisons: Applicatio
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Optical Distortion: The heat-treati
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Size Limitation: Viracon, the large
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objective; monolithic panels of low
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equipment. Depending upon these var
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deflections exceed this requirement
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consideration, and should be heat-s
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Transparency Relative transparency
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What follows is a consideration of
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Design issues: These systems must b
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: O
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Constructability Fabrication: All f
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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then treated identically to point-f
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Accommodation of movement: As with
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Geometric flexibility: One of the a
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all-bearing head that provides for
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effectively clamping the glass to t
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Constructability Fabrication: Glass
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For a more sophisticated program us
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lighting costs should also be figur
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Chapter 7 - Tools, Resources, and C
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grid anomalies, and other nonstanda
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7.1 A Simple Case The theory is tha
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7.1.3 Vertical Span / Horizontal Sp
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Figure 7.3 FacadeDesigner.com homep
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The World Wide Web is a unique medi
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Figure 7.5 StructureExplorer Web pa
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This module has not been developed
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deflections. As will be seen, the t
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F af 2 Vm/ryf F y 1- 0.
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F ab 2 Vm/ryb F y 1- 0.
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Calculate front chord stress ratio;
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analysis eliminates the formation o
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Figure 7.9 Dynamic relaxation veloc
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output of the analysis, along with
Page 339 and 340: Solving for cable force, the additi
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7.12 FacadeDesigner: select
Page 343 and 344: Figure 7.13 FacadeDesigner: glass g
Page 345 and 346: H m = H s / H n V m = V s / V n Or,
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Page 349 and 350: FaçadeDesigner is thus linked to S
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Page 355 and 356: maximum timeframe. However, the Exp
Page 357 and 358: Figure 8.2 Introductory page requir
Page 359 and 360: Figure 8.5 Glass system types are i
Page 361 and 362: Figure 8.9 Each system type is pres
Page 363 and 364: application to the AIA/CES to becom
Page 365 and 366: 8.2 Summary The background research
Page 367 and 368: Long-span façade structures Simpl
Page 369 and 370: 9.1.1 Test Subjects Group A is comp
Page 371 and 372: The testing of Group A was administ
Page 373 and 374: Subjective questions 1-5, column 2,
Page 375 and 376: Table 9-4 Group B, 2nd test results
Page 377 and 378: Group A 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 379 and 380: y the learning program. This may re
Page 381 and 382: Group B 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 383 and 384: incorrect responses was 14% in the
Page 385 and 386: presentation is clearly emboldening
Page 387 and 388: Figure 9.10 Comparison of group A a
Page 389: "Don't Know" Responses by Category;
Page 393 and 394: Group A Incorrect Responses: Change
Page 395 and 396: This question was answered incorrec
Page 397 and 398: Perhaps the shift from I-don’t-kn
Page 399 and 400: Question 14 Glass for point-fixed s
Page 401 and 402: Please circle one number only for e
Page 403 and 404: after they were given the presentat
Page 405 and 406: The average response here fell one
Page 407 and 408: inclusion in StructureDesigner, and
Page 409 and 410: V n = number of vertical grid modul
Page 411 and 412: Table 9-5 Cable net; omparison of t
Page 413 and 414: H m = horizontal module (ft) H n =
Page 415 and 416: Table 9-6 Simple truss; comparison
Page 417 and 418: Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion
Page 419 and 420: pyramid structure when the distribu
Page 421 and 422: The author is not a Web designer or
Page 423 and 424: 10.2.2 FaçadeDesigner; the Methodo
Page 425 and 426: Tutorials An objective of FacadeDes
Page 427 and 428: and load conditions. A testing meth
Page 429 and 430: The need is for education and resou
Page 431 and 432: information. Better organization of
Page 433 and 434: institutions such as the Massachuse
Page 435 and 436: The important issue of sustainabili
Page 437 and 438: accommodate application needs from
Page 439 and 440: 10.3.6 Diffusion of Innovation in A
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Bibliography Amato, I 1997. Stuff;
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Cambridge 2000 Gallery 2005. Willis
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Glass skyscraper n.d. Model of glas
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Nardella, M 2007. Interior of Garde
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Seagram Building n.d. Photograph of
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