STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

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simple truss elements is typically in the range <strong>of</strong> L/175 (T Dehghanyar 2008, pers. comm., 12 March). 67
Figure 2.8 Truss identification: bridge types (Historic American Engineering Record 1976) 68
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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES: A UNIQUE
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Dedication To my bride, Victoria Me
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One cannot help but burden others w
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6.4 Other Considerations in Glass S
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Table 6-6 Simple truss attributes.
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Berlin C
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Figure 2.1 Tension rod rigging term
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Figure 2.28 Diagram of low-E functi
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Figure 6.12 New Beijing Poly Plaza;
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Figure 8.7 Glass and the glass manu
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Abstract This thesis formulates a h
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The push by leading architects for
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Barriers to Implementation As with
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The primary focus of this thesis wi
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Chapter 1 - Context 1.1 Structural
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facades as used herein refers to th
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The vaulted enclosure spans six tra
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1.2.2 Architectural Use of Glass It
Page 37 and 38: the great cathedrals of the period
Page 39 and 40: 1.2.4 Glass as Building Skin Struct
Page 41 and 42: 1.2.5 The Advent of the Curtain Wal
Page 43 and 44: structure is exposed, and thus beco
Page 45 and 46: necessarily the case, however. Nort
Page 47 and 48: and practitioners of this style, Wa
Page 49 and 50: In the same manner, Mies van der Ro
Page 51 and 52: 1.3.2 Emergence of Structural Glass
Page 53 and 54: of glass are transparency, transluc
Page 55 and 56: Opacity is the opposite of transpar
Page 57 and 58: Willis Faber & Dumas Building Ipswi
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1.18 Louvre Pyramid by night
Page 61 and 62: Channel 4 Headquarters London; Rich
Page 63 and 64: presentations on the technology usu
Page 65 and 66: was not constructed until the 1950
Page 67 and 68: 1.3.6 Practitioners The following e
Page 69 and 70: In a common development pattern, se
Page 71 and 72: from the yachting industry and used
Page 73 and 74: imitation reveals itself here; repe
Page 75 and 76: their lack of familiarity with it.
Page 77 and 78: Oil prices blowing by USD 100 per b
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2 - Materials, Processes, a
Page 81 and 82: 2.2.1 Structures and Strategies for
Page 83 and 84: 2.2.2 Strongbacks and Glass Fins St
Page 85 and 86: Various geometries are possible, mo
Page 87: The application of trusses as part
Page 91 and 92: A large cavity double-skin façade
Page 93 and 94: Fuller later went on to develop ten
Page 95 and 96: stabilized, or closed systems; stab
Page 97 and 98: 2.2.9.2 Cable Net The addition of h
Page 99 and 100: Kieran Kelley-Sneed, a former profe
Page 101 and 102: these materials. High performance t
Page 103 and 104: or some similar process to produce
Page 105 and 106: Individual wires are fist twisted i
Page 107 and 108: 2.3.3.2 Rods Design innovations are
Page 109 and 110: processing adding value in some man
Page 111 and 112: Table 2-4 Raw materials used in typ
Page 113 and 114: 2.4.1.6 Laminated Glass Laminated g
Page 115 and 116: laminated panel comprised of a temp
Page 117 and 118: of the spacer, and the application
Page 119 and 120: applied by a process of vacuum (spu
Page 121 and 122: The illustration on the left shows
Page 123 and 124: 2.4.1.11 Specifying Glass Specifyin
Page 125 and 126: to as annealed glass. Subsequent pr
Page 127 and 128: later) may exhibit worsened distort
Page 129 and 130: glass above). In fact, perhaps owin
Page 131 and 132: “Float glass thickness range from
Page 133 and 134: pieces of glass with a ½” air sp
Page 135 and 136: A measure of heat gain or heat loss
Page 137 and 138: Fortunately, glass producers again
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2.5.2 Stick Systems Most curtain wa
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The rainscreen principle has become
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with the outer glass surface. This
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2.5.9 Structural Glazing Structural
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frequently mechanically attaché th
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Alternatively, structural glass fac
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Chapter 3 - Building Products, Proc
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New strategies and project delivery
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costs are extremely low throughout
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3.1.3 Fabrication Fabrication requi
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A design/builder may provide instal
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3.2.1.2 Weaknesses of Design/Bid/Bu
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The budget can be developed along w
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3.2.3.1 Strengths of Design/Assist
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3.3.1.2 Develop an appropriate surf
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3.3.2.1 Representative Drawings Pla
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to related websites. In the case of
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4.2.1 Wizards A common type of desi
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On selection of an exterior color f
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website acts as a resource in suppo
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It is interesting to note that tool
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easons, many interactive tutorials
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“Human Resources In-house expert
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an overall architectural project,
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contextual imagery and a general de
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4.5 The Medium 4.5.1 Print Digital
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cost ranging from 25 to 50 dollars
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Figure 4.8 PowerPoint presentation
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5.1.4 It is conceivable to facilita
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Chapter 1 defines structural glass
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technology into the mainstream cons
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Chapter 6 - Categorization and Orga
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Table 6-2 Morphological categorizat
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6.1.2 Definition of Evaluation Crit
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measure of the relative ease of des
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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to work. There is great opportunity
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eing extremely efficient on a stren
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much as 20-30 percent. Thus, it is
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Figure 6.2 Generalized behavior att
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Design Considerations The strongbac
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Constructability Fabrication: The c
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opportunities for exploring facetin
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Constructability Fabrication: If sp
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square-on-offset-square derived fro
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Glass system interface: Any glass s
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Constructability Fabrication: As di
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Morphology Vertical trusses are ali
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Durability and Maintenance: The con
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Table 6-7 Mast truss attributes. 6.
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problematic, as the structures are
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deflections relative to the façade
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Stability in the cable truss is pro
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Resources and Technology Maturity:
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Installation: Installation is signi
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Design issues: The determination of
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Gymnastics Arena fabric clad tenseg
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: G
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Pre-tension requirements: The cable
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Morphology Cable-hung structures ha
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Glass system interface: The interfa
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Structural Performance Spanning cap
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Structural Efficiency (strength to
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6.2.1 Categorization Scheme Table 6
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6.2.3 Class Comparisons: Applicatio
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Optical Distortion: The heat-treati
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Size Limitation: Viracon, the large
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objective; monolithic panels of low
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equipment. Depending upon these var
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deflections exceed this requirement
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consideration, and should be heat-s
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Transparency Relative transparency
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What follows is a consideration of
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Design issues: These systems must b
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: O
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Constructability Fabrication: All f
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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then treated identically to point-f
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Accommodation of movement: As with
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Geometric flexibility: One of the a
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all-bearing head that provides for
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effectively clamping the glass to t
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Constructability Fabrication: Glass
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For a more sophisticated program us
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lighting costs should also be figur
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Chapter 7 - Tools, Resources, and C
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grid anomalies, and other nonstanda
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7.1 A Simple Case The theory is tha
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7.1.3 Vertical Span / Horizontal Sp
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Figure 7.3 FacadeDesigner.com homep
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The World Wide Web is a unique medi
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Figure 7.5 StructureExplorer Web pa
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This module has not been developed
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deflections. As will be seen, the t
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F af 2 Vm/ryf F y 1- 0.
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F ab 2 Vm/ryb F y 1- 0.
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Calculate front chord stress ratio;
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analysis eliminates the formation o
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Figure 7.9 Dynamic relaxation veloc
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output of the analysis, along with
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Solving for cable force, the additi
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Figure 7.12 FacadeDesigner: select
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Figure 7.13 FacadeDesigner: glass g
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H m = H s / H n V m = V s / V n Or,
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show a vertically oriented glass gr
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FaçadeDesigner is thus linked to S
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elevations, sections and details. T
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inadvertent and unnecessary, and ea
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maximum timeframe. However, the Exp
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Figure 8.2 Introductory page requir
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Figure 8.5 Glass system types are i
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Figure 8.9 Each system type is pres
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application to the AIA/CES to becom
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8.2 Summary The background research
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Long-span façade structures Simpl
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9.1.1 Test Subjects Group A is comp
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The testing of Group A was administ
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Subjective questions 1-5, column 2,
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Table 9-4 Group B, 2nd test results
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Group A 1st Test Correct Respnses I
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y the learning program. This may re
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Group B 1st Test Correct Respnses I
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incorrect responses was 14% in the
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presentation is clearly emboldening
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Figure 9.10 Comparison of group A a
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"Don't Know" Responses by Category;
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Question 10 Tempered glass is
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Group A Incorrect Responses: Change
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This question was answered incorrec
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Perhaps the shift from I-don’t-kn
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Question 14 Glass for point-fixed s
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Please circle one number only for e
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after they were given the presentat
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The average response here fell one
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inclusion in StructureDesigner, and
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V n = number of vertical grid modul
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Table 9-5 Cable net; omparison of t
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H m = horizontal module (ft) H n =
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Table 9-6 Simple truss; comparison
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Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion
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pyramid structure when the distribu
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The author is not a Web designer or
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10.2.2 FaçadeDesigner; the Methodo
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Tutorials An objective of FacadeDes
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and load conditions. A testing meth
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The need is for education and resou
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information. Better organization of
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institutions such as the Massachuse
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The important issue of sustainabili
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accommodate application needs from
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10.3.6 Diffusion of Innovation in A
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Bibliography Amato, I 1997. Stuff;
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Cambridge 2000 Gallery 2005. Willis
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Glass skyscraper n.d. Model of glas
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Nardella, M 2007. Interior of Garde
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Seagram Building n.d. Photograph of
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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

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