STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

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Dobney, S 1995. Murphy/Jahn selected and current works, The Images Publishing Group pty ltd., Victoria, Australia. DuPont 1995. Benefits of laminated glass, E.I du Pont de Nemours and Company, accessed 23 February 2008, < http://www.dupont.com/safetyglass/en/productServices/benefits/index.html> DuPont 1995 Corning museum of glass educated and delights in laminated glass’, DuPont, accessed 12 March 2008, http://www.dupont.com/safetyglass/en/productServices/butacite/1802.html DuPont 2002. Banque Populaire de l'Ouest, digital photograph, DuPont, accessed 22 March 2008, http://www.google.com/imgresimgurl=http://www.dupont.com/safetyglass/lgn/st ories/images/0102a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dupont.com/safetyglass/lgn/storie s/0102.html&h=82&w=125&sz=29&tbnid=qlFe242ehFgJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=125& prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbanque%2Bpopulaire%2Bfacade%2Bpictures&sa=X&oi =image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=3 Encyclopedia Britannica n.d. ‘Float glass method’, accessed 12 March 2008, http://www.britannica.com/bps/art/254/Schematic-diagram-of-the-float-processfor-making-flatglass#tab=active~home%2Citems~home%3E%2Fbps%2Fhome&title=Britannic a%20Online%20Encyclopedia EERE 2005. Low-emmisivity window glazing or glass, US Department of Energy, accessed 22 March 2008, http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/windows_doors_skylights/ind ex.cfm/mytopic=13430 Fleming, S 1999. Roman glass; reflections on cultural change, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Feedonia 2006. ‘World flat glass to 2010,’ Study # 2116, description of study, accessed 22 March 2008, < http://www.freedoniagroup.com/World-Flat-Glass.html> Fuller R 1961. United States Patent Office # 2,986,241 OCTET TRUSS, US Patent Office, Patented 30 May 1961. GANA 2005. Specifiers guide to architectural glass, 2005 edition, Glass Association of North America, Flat Glass Manufacturing Division, accessed 8 February 2008, http://www.glasswebsite.com/publications/reference/Specifiers%20Guide%20to %20Architectural%20Glass%20-%202005%20Edition.pdf GIBBS, P 1996. Is glass liquid or solid, updated January 1997, accessed 22 March 2008, Glass processing days 2008. About glassfiles.com, accessed 4 February 2008, http://www.glassfiles.com/aboutus.htm 423
Glass skyscraper n.d. Model of glass skyscraper by Mies van der Rohe, photograph, Eikongraphia, accessed 22 March 2008, http://www.google.com/imgresimgurl=http://www.eikongraphia.com/wordpress/ wp-content/9%2520Mies%2520van%2520der%2520Rohe%2520- %2520Seagram%2520Building%25201969.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eikongrap hia.com/%3Fp%3D111&h=150&w=117&sz=177&tbnid=AH0Qd6UopUwJ:&tbnh =150&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dseagram%2Bbuilding&sa=X&oi=imag e_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=2 Goran, B 2007. Louvre Pyramid by night, digital photograph, wiki commons, accessed 30 March 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Louvre_Courtyard_by_Night.jpg Gritth, T 2007a. New Beijing Poly Plaza, digital photograph, Civil Engineering, accessed 27 March 2008, http://pubs.asce.org/magazines/CEMag/2007/Issue_11- 07/article1.htm Gritth T 2007b. Rocker-arm detail, New Beijing Poly Plaza, digital photograph, Civil Engineering, accessed 27 March 2008, http://pubs.asce.org/magazines/CEMag/2007/Issue_11-07/article1.htm Guiney, A & Kolb, J eds. 2006. ‘Beyond Transparency’, The Architect’s Newspaper, issue 06, 5 April. Historic American Engineering Record 1976, Trusses; a study by, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, Washington D.C. Hix, J, 1996. The Glasshouse, Phaidon, London. Holgate, A, 1997. The art of structural engineering: the work of Jorg Schlaich, Edition Axel Menges. Griel, I 2006. Mannheim Multihalle grid shell, digital photograph, wikimedia, accessed 22 March 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Herzogenriedpark_Mannheim_Multihalle_Dec kenkonstruktion.jpg ILLIA, T., 2003. McCarran’s expansion takes flight; McCarran international airport undergoes $90 million upgrade [online]. McGraw-hill construction - Southwest Construction, November. accessed 30 March 2008, Johnson Architectural Images 2007. Chartres Cathedral south ambulatory, Greatbuildings.com, accessed 22 March 2007, http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Chartres_Cathedral.html Kaltenbach, F ed. 2004. Translucent Materials : Glass, Plastics, Metals, Birkhäuser, Edition Detail Kennicott, P. This Bright Idea Is a Glowing Achievement. Washington Post Sunday, May 20, 2007; Page N01 424
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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES: A UNIQUE
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Dedication To my bride, Victoria Me
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One cannot help but burden others w
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6.4 Other Considerations in Glass S
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Table 6-6 Simple truss attributes.
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Berlin C
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Figure 2.1 Tension rod rigging term
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Figure 2.28 Diagram of low-E functi
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Figure 6.12 New Beijing Poly Plaza;
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Figure 8.7 Glass and the glass manu
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Abstract This thesis formulates a h
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The push by leading architects for
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Barriers to Implementation As with
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The primary focus of this thesis wi
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Chapter 1 - Context 1.1 Structural
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facades as used herein refers to th
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The vaulted enclosure spans six tra
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1.2.2 Architectural Use of Glass It
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the great cathedrals of the period
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1.2.4 Glass as Building Skin Struct
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1.2.5 The Advent of the Curtain Wal
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structure is exposed, and thus beco
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necessarily the case, however. Nort
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and practitioners of this style, Wa
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In the same manner, Mies van der Ro
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1.3.2 Emergence of Structural Glass
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of glass are transparency, transluc
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Opacity is the opposite of transpar
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Willis Faber & Dumas Building Ipswi
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Figure 1.18 Louvre Pyramid by night
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Channel 4 Headquarters London; Rich
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presentations on the technology usu
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was not constructed until the 1950
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1.3.6 Practitioners The following e
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In a common development pattern, se
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from the yachting industry and used
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imitation reveals itself here; repe
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their lack of familiarity with it.
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Oil prices blowing by USD 100 per b
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Chapter 2 - Materials, Processes, a
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2.2.1 Structures and Strategies for
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2.2.2 Strongbacks and Glass Fins St
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Various geometries are possible, mo
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The application of trusses as part
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Figure 2.8 Truss identification: br
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A large cavity double-skin façade
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Fuller later went on to develop ten
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stabilized, or closed systems; stab
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2.2.9.2 Cable Net The addition of h
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Kieran Kelley-Sneed, a former profe
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these materials. High performance t
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or some similar process to produce
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Individual wires are fist twisted i
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2.3.3.2 Rods Design innovations are
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processing adding value in some man
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Table 2-4 Raw materials used in typ
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2.4.1.6 Laminated Glass Laminated g
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laminated panel comprised of a temp
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of the spacer, and the application
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applied by a process of vacuum (spu
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The illustration on the left shows
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2.4.1.11 Specifying Glass Specifyin
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to as annealed glass. Subsequent pr
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later) may exhibit worsened distort
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glass above). In fact, perhaps owin
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“Float glass thickness range from
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pieces of glass with a ½” air sp
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A measure of heat gain or heat loss
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Fortunately, glass producers again
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2.5.2 Stick Systems Most curtain wa
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The rainscreen principle has become
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with the outer glass surface. This
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2.5.9 Structural Glazing Structural
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frequently mechanically attaché th
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Alternatively, structural glass fac
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Chapter 3 - Building Products, Proc
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New strategies and project delivery
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costs are extremely low throughout
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3.1.3 Fabrication Fabrication requi
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A design/builder may provide instal
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3.2.1.2 Weaknesses of Design/Bid/Bu
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The budget can be developed along w
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3.2.3.1 Strengths of Design/Assist
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3.3.1.2 Develop an appropriate surf
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3.3.2.1 Representative Drawings Pla
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to related websites. In the case of
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4.2.1 Wizards A common type of desi
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On selection of an exterior color f
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website acts as a resource in suppo
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It is interesting to note that tool
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easons, many interactive tutorials
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“Human Resources In-house expert
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an overall architectural project,
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contextual imagery and a general de
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4.5 The Medium 4.5.1 Print Digital
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cost ranging from 25 to 50 dollars
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Figure 4.8 PowerPoint presentation
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5.1.4 It is conceivable to facilita
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Chapter 1 defines structural glass
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technology into the mainstream cons
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Chapter 6 - Categorization and Orga
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Table 6-2 Morphological categorizat
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6.1.2 Definition of Evaluation Crit
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measure of the relative ease of des
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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to work. There is great opportunity
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eing extremely efficient on a stren
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much as 20-30 percent. Thus, it is
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Figure 6.2 Generalized behavior att
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Design Considerations The strongbac
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Constructability Fabrication: The c
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opportunities for exploring facetin
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Constructability Fabrication: If sp
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square-on-offset-square derived fro
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Glass system interface: Any glass s
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Constructability Fabrication: As di
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Morphology Vertical trusses are ali
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Durability and Maintenance: The con
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Table 6-7 Mast truss attributes. 6.
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problematic, as the structures are
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deflections relative to the façade
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Stability in the cable truss is pro
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Resources and Technology Maturity:
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Installation: Installation is signi
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Design issues: The determination of
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Gymnastics Arena fabric clad tenseg
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: G
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Pre-tension requirements: The cable
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Morphology Cable-hung structures ha
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Glass system interface: The interfa
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Structural Performance Spanning cap
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Structural Efficiency (strength to
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6.2.1 Categorization Scheme Table 6
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6.2.3 Class Comparisons: Applicatio
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Optical Distortion: The heat-treati
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Size Limitation: Viracon, the large
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objective; monolithic panels of low
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equipment. Depending upon these var
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deflections exceed this requirement
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consideration, and should be heat-s
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Transparency Relative transparency
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What follows is a consideration of
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Design issues: These systems must b
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: O
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Constructability Fabrication: All f
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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then treated identically to point-f
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Accommodation of movement: As with
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Geometric flexibility: One of the a
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all-bearing head that provides for
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effectively clamping the glass to t
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Constructability Fabrication: Glass
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For a more sophisticated program us
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lighting costs should also be figur
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Chapter 7 - Tools, Resources, and C
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grid anomalies, and other nonstanda
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7.1 A Simple Case The theory is tha
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7.1.3 Vertical Span / Horizontal Sp
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Figure 7.3 FacadeDesigner.com homep
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The World Wide Web is a unique medi
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Figure 7.5 StructureExplorer Web pa
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This module has not been developed
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deflections. As will be seen, the t
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F af 2 Vm/ryf F y 1- 0.
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F ab 2 Vm/ryb F y 1- 0.
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Calculate front chord stress ratio;
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analysis eliminates the formation o
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Figure 7.9 Dynamic relaxation veloc
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output of the analysis, along with
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Solving for cable force, the additi
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Figure 7.12 FacadeDesigner: select
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Figure 7.13 FacadeDesigner: glass g
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H m = H s / H n V m = V s / V n Or,
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show a vertically oriented glass gr
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FaçadeDesigner is thus linked to S
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elevations, sections and details. T
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inadvertent and unnecessary, and ea
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maximum timeframe. However, the Exp
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Figure 8.2 Introductory page requir
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Figure 8.5 Glass system types are i
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Figure 8.9 Each system type is pres
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application to the AIA/CES to becom
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8.2 Summary The background research
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Long-span façade structures Simpl
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9.1.1 Test Subjects Group A is comp
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The testing of Group A was administ
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Subjective questions 1-5, column 2,
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Table 9-4 Group B, 2nd test results
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Group A 1st Test Correct Respnses I
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y the learning program. This may re
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Group B 1st Test Correct Respnses I
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incorrect responses was 14% in the
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presentation is clearly emboldening
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Figure 9.10 Comparison of group A a
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"Don't Know" Responses by Category;
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Question 10 Tempered glass is
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Page 399 and 400: Question 14 Glass for point-fixed s
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Page 403 and 404: after they were given the presentat
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Page 409 and 410: V n = number of vertical grid modul
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Page 415 and 416: Table 9-6 Simple truss; comparison
Page 417 and 418: Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion
Page 419 and 420: pyramid structure when the distribu
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Page 423 and 424: 10.2.2 FaçadeDesigner; the Methodo
Page 425 and 426: Tutorials An objective of FacadeDes
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Page 431 and 432: information. Better organization of
Page 433 and 434: institutions such as the Massachuse
Page 435 and 436: The important issue of sustainabili
Page 437 and 438: accommodate application needs from
Page 439 and 440: 10.3.6 Diffusion of Innovation in A
Page 441 and 442: Bibliography Amato, I 1997. Stuff;
Page 443: Cambridge 2000 Gallery 2005. Willis
Page 447 and 448: Nardella, M 2007. Interior of Garde
Page 449 and 450: Seagram Building n.d. Photograph of
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