STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES - USC School of Architecture

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Protective coatings and finishes for mild-steel structures Glass History of glass Safety glass and heat-treated glass Laminated glass Insulated glass Glass as structure Glass performance coatings Decorative glass treatments Float glass manufacturing Thermal performance of glass Acoustic performance of glass Glass in Application Structural glazing Butt-glazing History of structural glass facades Point-fixed system options 345
Long-span façade structures Simple truss structures Cable truss structures Cable net structures Some of these topics would be more appropriate in video format. Others could be effective a simple technical bulletins that could be downloaded as Adobe Acrobat documents. 346
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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADES: A UNIQUE
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Dedication To my bride, Victoria Me
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One cannot help but burden others w
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6.4 Other Considerations in Glass S
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Table 6-6 Simple truss attributes.
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Berlin C
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Figure 2.1 Tension rod rigging term
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Figure 2.28 Diagram of low-E functi
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Figure 6.12 New Beijing Poly Plaza;
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Figure 8.7 Glass and the glass manu
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Abstract This thesis formulates a h
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The push by leading architects for
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Barriers to Implementation As with
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The primary focus of this thesis wi
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Chapter 1 - Context 1.1 Structural
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facades as used herein refers to th
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The vaulted enclosure spans six tra
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1.2.2 Architectural Use of Glass It
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the great cathedrals of the period
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1.2.4 Glass as Building Skin Struct
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1.2.5 The Advent of the Curtain Wal
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structure is exposed, and thus beco
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necessarily the case, however. Nort
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and practitioners of this style, Wa
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In the same manner, Mies van der Ro
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1.3.2 Emergence of Structural Glass
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of glass are transparency, transluc
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Opacity is the opposite of transpar
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Willis Faber & Dumas Building Ipswi
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Figure 1.18 Louvre Pyramid by night
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Channel 4 Headquarters London; Rich
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presentations on the technology usu
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was not constructed until the 1950
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1.3.6 Practitioners The following e
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In a common development pattern, se
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from the yachting industry and used
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imitation reveals itself here; repe
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their lack of familiarity with it.
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Oil prices blowing by USD 100 per b
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Chapter 2 - Materials, Processes, a
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2.2.1 Structures and Strategies for
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2.2.2 Strongbacks and Glass Fins St
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Various geometries are possible, mo
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The application of trusses as part
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Figure 2.8 Truss identification: br
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A large cavity double-skin façade
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Fuller later went on to develop ten
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stabilized, or closed systems; stab
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2.2.9.2 Cable Net The addition of h
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Kieran Kelley-Sneed, a former profe
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these materials. High performance t
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or some similar process to produce
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Individual wires are fist twisted i
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2.3.3.2 Rods Design innovations are
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processing adding value in some man
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Table 2-4 Raw materials used in typ
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2.4.1.6 Laminated Glass Laminated g
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laminated panel comprised of a temp
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of the spacer, and the application
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applied by a process of vacuum (spu
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The illustration on the left shows
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2.4.1.11 Specifying Glass Specifyin
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to as annealed glass. Subsequent pr
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later) may exhibit worsened distort
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glass above). In fact, perhaps owin
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“Float glass thickness range from
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pieces of glass with a ½” air sp
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A measure of heat gain or heat loss
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Fortunately, glass producers again
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2.5.2 Stick Systems Most curtain wa
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The rainscreen principle has become
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with the outer glass surface. This
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2.5.9 Structural Glazing Structural
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frequently mechanically attaché th
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Alternatively, structural glass fac
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Chapter 3 - Building Products, Proc
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New strategies and project delivery
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costs are extremely low throughout
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3.1.3 Fabrication Fabrication requi
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A design/builder may provide instal
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3.2.1.2 Weaknesses of Design/Bid/Bu
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The budget can be developed along w
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3.2.3.1 Strengths of Design/Assist
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3.3.1.2 Develop an appropriate surf
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3.3.2.1 Representative Drawings Pla
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to related websites. In the case of
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4.2.1 Wizards A common type of desi
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On selection of an exterior color f
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website acts as a resource in suppo
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It is interesting to note that tool
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easons, many interactive tutorials
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“Human Resources In-house expert
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an overall architectural project,
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contextual imagery and a general de
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4.5 The Medium 4.5.1 Print Digital
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cost ranging from 25 to 50 dollars
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Figure 4.8 PowerPoint presentation
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5.1.4 It is conceivable to facilita
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Chapter 1 defines structural glass
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technology into the mainstream cons
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Chapter 6 - Categorization and Orga
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Table 6-2 Morphological categorizat
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6.1.2 Definition of Evaluation Crit
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measure of the relative ease of des
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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to work. There is great opportunity
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eing extremely efficient on a stren
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much as 20-30 percent. Thus, it is
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Figure 6.2 Generalized behavior att
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Design Considerations The strongbac
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Constructability Fabrication: The c
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opportunities for exploring facetin
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Constructability Fabrication: If sp
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square-on-offset-square derived fro
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Glass system interface: Any glass s
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Constructability Fabrication: As di
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Morphology Vertical trusses are ali
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Durability and Maintenance: The con
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Table 6-7 Mast truss attributes. 6.
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problematic, as the structures are
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deflections relative to the façade
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Stability in the cable truss is pro
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Resources and Technology Maturity:
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Installation: Installation is signi
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Design issues: The determination of
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Gymnastics Arena fabric clad tenseg
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: G
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Pre-tension requirements: The cable
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Morphology Cable-hung structures ha
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Glass system interface: The interfa
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Structural Performance Spanning cap
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Structural Efficiency (strength to
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6.2.1 Categorization Scheme Table 6
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6.2.3 Class Comparisons: Applicatio
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Optical Distortion: The heat-treati
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Size Limitation: Viracon, the large
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objective; monolithic panels of low
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equipment. Depending upon these var
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deflections exceed this requirement
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consideration, and should be heat-s
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Transparency Relative transparency
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What follows is a consideration of
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Design issues: These systems must b
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Design Considerations Aesthetics: O
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Constructability Fabrication: All f
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Material Suppliers and Subcontracto
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then treated identically to point-f
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Accommodation of movement: As with
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Geometric flexibility: One of the a
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all-bearing head that provides for
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effectively clamping the glass to t
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Constructability Fabrication: Glass
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For a more sophisticated program us
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lighting costs should also be figur
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Chapter 7 - Tools, Resources, and C
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grid anomalies, and other nonstanda
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7.1 A Simple Case The theory is tha
Page 315 and 316: 7.1.3 Vertical Span / Horizontal Sp
Page 317 and 318: Figure 7.3 FacadeDesigner.com homep
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Page 321 and 322: Figure 7.5 StructureExplorer Web pa
Page 323 and 324: This module has not been developed
Page 325 and 326: deflections. As will be seen, the t
Page 327 and 328: F af 2 Vm/ryf F y 1- 0.
Page 329 and 330: F ab 2 Vm/ryb F y 1- 0.
Page 331 and 332: Calculate front chord stress ratio;
Page 333 and 334: analysis eliminates the formation o
Page 335 and 336: Figure 7.9 Dynamic relaxation veloc
Page 337 and 338: output of the analysis, along with
Page 339 and 340: Solving for cable force, the additi
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7.12 FacadeDesigner: select
Page 343 and 344: Figure 7.13 FacadeDesigner: glass g
Page 345 and 346: H m = H s / H n V m = V s / V n Or,
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Page 349 and 350: FaçadeDesigner is thus linked to S
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Page 355 and 356: maximum timeframe. However, the Exp
Page 357 and 358: Figure 8.2 Introductory page requir
Page 359 and 360: Figure 8.5 Glass system types are i
Page 361 and 362: Figure 8.9 Each system type is pres
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Page 365: 8.2 Summary The background research
Page 369 and 370: 9.1.1 Test Subjects Group A is comp
Page 371 and 372: The testing of Group A was administ
Page 373 and 374: Subjective questions 1-5, column 2,
Page 375 and 376: Table 9-4 Group B, 2nd test results
Page 377 and 378: Group A 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 379 and 380: y the learning program. This may re
Page 381 and 382: Group B 1st Test Correct Respnses I
Page 383 and 384: incorrect responses was 14% in the
Page 385 and 386: presentation is clearly emboldening
Page 387 and 388: Figure 9.10 Comparison of group A a
Page 389 and 390: "Don't Know" Responses by Category;
Page 391 and 392: Question 10 Tempered glass is
Page 393 and 394: Group A Incorrect Responses: Change
Page 395 and 396: This question was answered incorrec
Page 397 and 398: Perhaps the shift from I-don’t-kn
Page 399 and 400: Question 14 Glass for point-fixed s
Page 401 and 402: Please circle one number only for e
Page 403 and 404: after they were given the presentat
Page 405 and 406: The average response here fell one
Page 407 and 408: inclusion in StructureDesigner, and
Page 409 and 410: V n = number of vertical grid modul
Page 411 and 412: Table 9-5 Cable net; omparison of t
Page 413 and 414: H m = horizontal module (ft) H n =
Page 415 and 416: Table 9-6 Simple truss; comparison
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Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion
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pyramid structure when the distribu
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The author is not a Web designer or
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10.2.2 FaçadeDesigner; the Methodo
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Tutorials An objective of FacadeDes
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and load conditions. A testing meth
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The need is for education and resou
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information. Better organization of
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institutions such as the Massachuse
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The important issue of sustainabili
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accommodate application needs from
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10.3.6 Diffusion of Innovation in A
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Bibliography Amato, I 1997. Stuff;
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Cambridge 2000 Gallery 2005. Willis
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Glass skyscraper n.d. Model of glas
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Nardella, M 2007. Interior of Garde
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Seagram Building n.d. Photograph of
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