BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE ...

AFMAN 11-217 V1 3 JANUARY 2005 105
Chapter 7
NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
7.1. Application. Instrument procedures are flown using a combination of the techniques
described in this chapter (arc to radial, radial to arc, course intercepts, etc.). Individual
aircraft flight manuals should provide proper procedures for using the navigation equipment
installed. The following discussions apply to ground-based radio aids to navigation only.
For a discussion on RNAV and GPS procedures, see paragraphs 7.11 and 7.12.
7.1.1. Where procedures depict a ground track, the pilot is expected to correct for
known wind conditions. In general, the only time wind correction should not be
applied is during radar vectors. The following general procedures apply to all aircraft.
7.1.1.1. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft
within controlled airspace under IFR except as follows:
7.1.1.1.1. On a Federal airway, along the centerline of that airway.
7.1.1.1.2. On any other route, along the direct course between the navigational
aids or fixes defining that route. However, this section does not prohibit
maneuvering the aircraft to pass well clear of other air traffic or the
maneuvering of the aircraft in VFR conditions to clear the intended flight path
both before and during climb or descent.
7.1.2. Tune. Tune to or select the desired frequency or channel.
7.1.3. Identify. Positively identify the selected station via an aural or visual signal.
Through human error or equipment malfunction, it is possible that the station intended is
not the one being received. This may occur as the result of failing to select the correct
frequency or failure of the receiver to channelize to the new frequency. Insure you
correctly interpret the Morse code letters being transmitted.
7.1.3.1. For aircraft with the capability to translate Morse code station identification
into an alphanumeric visual display, it is acceptable to use the visual display as the
sole means of identifying the station identification provided:
7.1.3.1.1. The alphanumeric visual display must always be in view of the pilot;
and
7.1.3.1.2. Loss of the Morse code station identification will cause the
alphanumeric visual display to immediately disappear, or a warning to be
displayed.
7.1.3.1.2.1. WARNING: It is imperative that crews are cognizant of what
station identification is being displayed. For example, if the station
identification being displayed is from the DME portion of a VOR/DME
station, then only the DME alphanumeric display may be used. The VOR
azimuth station identification must still be identified aurally.
7.1.3.1.2.2. WARNING: Voice communication is possible on VOR, ILS, and