BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE ...

AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 47
instruments. However, it is equally important for you to know what to change and how
much pitch, bank, or power change is required.
3.3.10.1. What to Change. Pitch attitude primarily controls airspeed and the rate of
change in airspeed. Bank attitude control is used to maintain a heading or desired
angle of bank during turns. Collective inputs control altitude changes and the rate of
altitude change. Remember that power is used primarily to maintain your altitude and
control the rate of climb or descent and cyclic inputs are used primarily to maintain
airspeed and bank angle.
3.3.10.2. How Much to Change. How much to adjust the attitude or power is,
initially, an estimate based on familiarity with the aircraft and the amount you desire
to change on the performance instruments. In a UH-1N for example, 2% of torque
approximates 100 feet per minute of climb or descent or 5 knots of increase or
decrease in airspeed. After you make a change in attitude or power, observe the
performance instruments to see if the desired change occurred. If not, further
adjustment of attitude or power is required. Remember, even though changes are
estimates, they must be made in exact increments.
3.4. Display of Flight Instrumentation. The advent of electronic displays has given the
pilot the ability to optimize cockpit instrumentation for a particular mission by adding,
removing, or relocating presentations on multi-function displays. This new dimension in
cockpit management can be an asset if the selection of instrument displays is based on the
requirement that, regardless of the type of mission, the pilot must always be aware of the
aircraft's attitude. No mission can be safely or effectively executed if attitude awareness is
lost.
3.4.1. Primary Flight Instrumentation. Primary flight instrumentation must always be
present and must provide full-time attitude, altitude, and airspeed information; an
immediately discernible attitude recognition capability; an unusual attitude recovery
capability; and complete fault indications.
3.4.2. Position of Flight Instrumentation. The elements of information of Primary
Flight Instrumentation must be positioned and arranged in a manner that enables the
pilot to perform a natural crosscheck.
3.4.3. Standardization of Flight. Primary flight instrumentation will be standardized in
terminology, symbology, mechanization, and arrangement. Standardization of
instrumentation display elements provides a common training base and allows the
retention of good flying habits during transition to different aircraft. This standardization
can only be effective when the pilot acknowledges attitude awareness as a full-time
requirement and manages the cockpit accordingly.