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264 AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 Chapter 12 HIGH ALTITUDE APPROACHES 12.1. Application. An en route descent or a high altitude instrument approach enables an aircraft to transition from the high altitude structure to a position on and aligned with an inbound course to the FAF, at FAF altitude in the final approach configuration. ATC will usually issue a clearance for a specific type of approach. The omission of a specific type in the approach clearance indicates that any published instrument approach to the aerodrome may be used. Unless you receive an appropriate ATC clearance to deviate, fly the entire instrument approach procedure starting at the IAF. 12.2. Non-DME Teardrop Approaches. Teardrop approaches are usually associated with VOR or NDB facilities (Figure 12.1). 12.2.1. Station Passage. When station passage occurs at the IAF, turn immediately in the shorter direction toward the outbound course and attempt to intercept it. Begin descent when you are established on a parallel or intercept heading to the approach course and outbound from the IAF. If you arrive at the IAF at an altitude below that published, maintain altitude and proceed outbound 15 seconds for each 1,000 foot the aircraft is below the published altitude before starting descent. If you arrive at the IAF at an altitude above that published, a descent to the published IAF altitude should be accomplished prior to starting the approach. If descent is required at the IAF, obtain clearance to descend in a holding pattern. Set the altimeter in accordance with FLIP. 12.2.1.1 NOTE: Use a descent gradient of 800-1,000 ft/NM (8-10°) to ensure you remain within protected airspace. 12.2.2. Fly-off. Some approaches use a fly-off (altitude or range) restriction before starting descent. In these cases, attempt to intercept the outbound course and comply with the altitudes depicted on the approach chart unless otherwise instructed by ATC. Since the pilot cannot be expected to determine accurate groundspeed during a constantly changing true airspeed descent, depicted range restrictions should not be shown on non- DME teardrop high altitude approaches. Penetration turns should be annotated "left or right turn at (altitude)." When a penetration turn altitude is not published, start the turn after descending one-half the total altitude between the IAF and FAF altitudes. One technique to determine the start turn altitude is to add the IAF and FAF altitudes and divide by two. Before reaching the penetration turn altitude, set up the navigation equipment to intercept the published inbound approach course. Recheck the altimeter and the direction of penetration turn. 12.2.3. Penetration Turn. Fly the penetration turn in the direction published. A 30° angle of bank is normally used during the penetration turn; however, bank may be shallowed if undershooting course. If it is apparent that you will undershoot the inbound penetration course, roll out on an intercept heading. Use normal inbound course interception procedures to intercept the course. 12.2.3.1. NOTE: If a penetration turn completion altitude is depicted, do not descend
AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 265 below this altitude until you are established on the inbound segment of the published approach procedure. Remember, obstacle clearance is based on the pilot attempting to maintain the course centerline; a pilot must use position orientation and pilot judgment to determine when to descend while attempting to intercept the course. Figure 12.1. Non-DME Teardrop-High Altitude Approach.
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